- 期刊
高屏溪舊鐵橋人工溼地水質淨化功能探討：一個親水的自然系統
The Study of Water Quality Purification in KaoPing River Rail Bridge Constructed Wetland
摘要
高屏溪高灘地長久以來多放租農民做農耕使用，由於不易管理，造成河川水體污染、垃圾堆積、及景觀惡化違建違規使用等事件發生。此外竹寮社區排入竹寮溪溝之生活污水與永豐餘久堂廠之廢水處理廠放流水亦長期排入高屏溪，影響河川生態與水質，使民眾親水環境受到危害。行政院環境保護署及經濟部水利署第七河川局有鑑於此，遂於民國90年委託高雄縣政府，辦理高屏溪右岸高屏大橋至舊鐵路橋高灘地綠美化工程規劃設計，將高灘地設置人工濕地，藉由河岸生態復育，重新塑造自然生態環境，以回復高屏溪潔淨之原貌。高屏溪舊鐵橋濕地不但具有淨水、調節地下水等功能，亦可做為野生動植物的僻護所，同時也具有景觀及遊憩等經濟價值。由民國九十四年六月份至隔年一月份的水質調查結果可知，人工濕地系統中各污染物以大腸桿菌群所呈現出的平均去除率較高(可達93%以上)，而化學需氧量及生化需氧量的平均去除率分別有44%及66%以上的去除成效。至於在營養鹽方面，氨氮、總磷及磷酸鹽的去除率可達50%以上。由評估結果可知，各項污染物質進入此人工濕地系統後，皆有不錯之去除效果，不僅對該地區之水環境及生態系統有正面之影響，且可減少對高屏溪的污染負荷，對整個高屏溪流域下游水環境具有甚佳之助益。高屏溪舊鐵橋人工濕地，除可改善河岸髒亂之問題，亦可藉由河岸生態的復育，重新塑造自然的生態環境，回復高屏溪潔淨之原貌，創造更良好的生活環境。
並列摘要
Based on the results from the pollutant sources investigation and water quality analyses, the mid and downstream sections of Kaoping River are polluted. The main sources of water pollution are municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, and leachate from riverbank landfills and garbage dumping sites. The pollution of Kaoping River causes the deterioration of the surrounding ecosystem and affects its water accessibility to general public. In 2001, the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, Taiwan Water Resources Agency, and Kaohsiung County Government jointly initiated a constructed wetland project by constructing a 120-ha multifunction wetland to improve the water quality and ecosystem of the surrounding environment of Kaoping River. The finished constructed wetland is located next to the famous old Kaoping River Rail Bridge at Kaohsiung County, and thus, it is named Kaoping River Rail Bridge Constructed Wetland. The major influents come from the local drainage systems containing untreated domestic wastewater, agricultural wastewater, and treated industrial wastewater from a paper mill. Based on the monthly investigation results of water samples taken from June 2005 to Jan. 2006, approximately 93% of E. Coli, 44% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 66% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and more than 50% of nutrients (e.g., total nitrogen, total phosphorus, phosphate) were removed via the constructed wetland system. Thus, the wetland system has a significant effect on water quality improvement and is capable of removing most of the pollutants from the local drainage system before they are discharged into Kaoping River. Other accomplishments of this constructed wetland project include the following: providing more green areas along the riversides, offering more water assessable eco-ponds and eco-gardens for public, controlling flood, and rehabilitating the natural ecosystem. The Kaoping River Rail Bridge Constructed Wetland has become one of the most successful multi-function constructed wetland in Taiwan. The experience obtained from this project will be helpful in designing similar natural water treatment systems for river water quality improvement for other river basins.