新竹頭前溪竹東高灘地第一、二期人工溼地維護管理下的植物變遷與水質淨化調查研究

The Investigation and Research of Plants Transition and Water Purification under Maintenance of Jhudong Highland on Hsinchu Touchien Riverside in the 1st and 2nd Stages of The Constructed Wetlands Projects

賴榮一(Jung-Yi Lai) ； 堀込憲二(Kenji-Horigome) ； 郭中端(Chung-Twan Kuo)

《環境保護》 31卷1期 (2008/06) Pp. 21-35

https://doi.org/10.30017/EP.200806.0003

摘要

新竹縣頭前溪第一、二期人工溼地總開挖面積約1.9公頃，植群總覆蓋度於2008年1月最高約39％，2008年8月最低約22％；維護管理將植群總覆蓋度控制在20-40％間。氨氮去除率於2008年8月為71％未達設計去除率外，其餘各月皆高於設計目標值，並於2007年9月達98％去除率，年平均去除率達86％；水中懸浮物去除量未達設計目標質，推測原因為部分水池內及出水處植物密度較低，過濾懸浮固體的能力較差。生化需氧量與氨氮濃度各月均達設計目標值，水中懸浮物濃度則於2007年9、10月及2008年4、5、6月未達標準，檢測各月平均出流濃度達到設計目標值。各水池植物覆蓋度與水中氨氮去除率的相關性分析，信度分析結果之Cronbach's α係數為0.83，相關分析結果A、H、J等池覆蓋度的變化和氨氮去除率有顯著的相關性，其中以A池最顯著。維護修剪樣區的植物呈現物種均勻的狀態，自然演替樣區物種集中於大花咸豐草。各季種數及歧異度於維護修剪區域明顯高於樣區自然演替區域。自然演替區域的物種呈現逐漸均勻的趨勢，整理均勻度則呈現中等狀態，現階段地被已生長多株苦楝、山黃麻及構樹等小苗，自然演替下，預測將成為苦楝－山黃麻型植被相。

關鍵字

新竹頭前溪 ； 竹東高灘地 ； 人工溼地 ； 維護管理 ； 植物變遷 ； 水質淨化

並列摘要

At Tou-chian River of Hsin-chu county, the area of 1st and 2nd stages of constructed wetland is 1.9 hectare. The plants spatial heterogeneity had reach the highest percentage of 39% in Jan.2008, and the lowest of 22% in Aug. 2008. The percentage under maintenance control was between 20 to 40%.Ammonia Nitrogen removed treatment was 71% in Aug. 2008, had not reached the design standard. Excluding this month, all other months had exceeded the standard. It even reach 98% percent in Sept. 2007. The annual treatment average had reached 86%. However, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and suspended solid (SS) treatment are not very effective. BOD5 and NH3-N concentration in monthly average had reached the designed standard. Suspended solid (SS) concentration did not meet the standard in Sept., Oct. of 2007 and Apr., Mar., Jun. of 2008. The monthly average of water quality out concentration is above the expectation of design standard.After the relative analysis of the plants spatial heterogeneity and NH3-N removed treatment in every pond, the reliability analysis result of the Cronbach's α coefficient is 0.83. In pond A, H and J, the analysis result shows the changing of plant spatial heterogeneity is highly related to the NH3-N removed treatment. Pond A had the most remarkable result.Plant species proportion in maintenance plots appears a well mix status, the species in the vegetation succession environment plots are mainly Bidens pilosa L.radiata (B1.) Sherff. The species in maintenance plots are much more divers than the vegetation succession environment plots. Plant species proportion in vegetation succession environment plots was gradually becoming even. At the end of this research period, the proportion of plant species was in an average status. At this phase, ground vegetation appeared many young plants of Melia azedarach L., Trema orientalis (L.) Bl., and Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Herit. ex Vent., in the natural vegetation succession, it will become a plants composition of Melia azedarach L. and Trema orientalis (L.) Bl. in the future.

並列關鍵字

Hsinchu Touchien River ； Jhudong Highland ； Constructed Wetlands ； Maintenance ； Plants Transition ； Water Purification