- 期刊
就使用成本及環境的觀點進行電動機車與燃油機車之比較研究
A Comparing Study between Electric Scooter and Gasoline-Fueled Scooter Based on of Viewpoint Use Cost and Environmental Protection
摘要
行政院環保署為了改善都會地區的空氣及噪音環境品質，自民國87年起在都會區積極推動電動機車。然而仍有不少人懷疑電動機車是否真的比燃油機車來得環保。因此，本研究擬「生命週期評估法」進行電動機車與燃油機車之比較研究。本研究以光陽公司出產之「Air舞風」電動機車與「easy50」四行程燃油機車為主要研究對象。本研究將上述兩種機車拆解、盤查，再運用生命週期評估軟體SimaPro5.0分析，就能源利用效率、資源消耗量、空氣污染量、購車及使用成本、能源價格政策作分析並比較，二者對環境之衝擊量。研究結果發現：電動機車在行駛過程中噪音低及沒有各種空氣污染物之排放，遠比傳統燃油機車來得環保，有助於都會區空氣品質的改善。電動機車在有補助下購車支出及理想使用狀況下，電動機車的使用成本才能與燃油機車的差不多；但若無補助及實際平均騎乘狀況下，則電動機車每公里的騎乘成本將會是燃油機車的1.32～1.91倍（92年的油價）及1.13～1.63倍（97年的油價）。就整個生命週期而言，在實際騎乘狀況下，電動機車與燃油機車之總體環境衝擊量是相近；在生產階段電動機車的環境衝擊量遠高於燃油機車；在使用階段燃油機車的環境衝擊量百分比高達99％，其衝擊量遠高於電動機車。在三大衝擊面向方面，二種機車均以「資源獲取」面向所佔的環境衝擊量百分比為最高，分別88.6及76.3％；電動機車在「人體健康」及「生態品質」面向之衝擊量高於燃油機車。燃油機車在「資源獲取」面向的環境衝擊量則高於電動機車。
並列摘要
To improve the air quality in urban area, Environmental Protection Administration has established and actively promoted a program of ”The riding of Electric Scooter in metropolis area” since 1998. However, people still doubted about whether electric scooter is really more environmental friendly than gasoline-fueled scooter. Therefore in this study, an analysis of ”life cycle assessment” was performed to compare electric scooter and gasoline-fueled scooter to obtain a comprehensive evaluation and suggestion.The main study subjects were an electric scooter named ”Dancing in the Air” and a tetra-stroke and gasoline-fueled scooter named ”Easy 50”, both were produced by Kymco Company. In this study, the aspects including energy utilization efficiency, resources consumption, air pollution, costs for purchase and usage, and policy for energy price, were analyzed and compared followed by an actual disjointing and inventory. A software for life cycle assessment, SimaPro 5.0 was then used to analyze the impacts of these 2 types of scooters on the environment.The results were shown as follows: During riding with low noise and no emission of air pollutants, electric scooter indeed cause less problems and is more environmental friendly than the traditional gasoline-fueled scooter and is better for improvement of air quality in urban area. In a same mileage, for first three years electric scooters could save the energy for 20.6% more than that of gasoline-fueled scooter. But after the third year, only 14.4% energy was saved more by electric scooter than by that of gasoline-fueled scooter. With subsidization and in ideal situation, the cost of per kilometer mileage of electric scooter was close to that of gasoline-fueled scooter. But with no subsidization and in real riding situation, the use cost of per kilometer mileage of electric scooter were 1.32~1.91 (base on oil price of 2003) and 1.13~1.63 (base on oil price of 2008) times as large as that of gasoline- fueled scooter. For the whole life cycle and in real riding situation, the total environmental impact of two kinds of motorcycles was approximate. In production stage, the environmental impact of electric scooter was more higher than that of gasoline-fueled scooter. In usage stage, the percentage of environmental impact of gasoline-fueled scooter got up to 99% and was more higher than that of electric scooter. For three aspects of environmental impact, both kinds of motorcycles in resource aspect had the highest percentages 88.6 and 70.3%, respectively. The environmental impact of electric scooter in ”human health” and ”ecology” aspects were more higher than those of gasoline-fueled scooter. The environmental impact of gasoline-fueled scooter in ”resources” aspect was more higher than electric scooter.