Spatial and Seasonal Variations of PM10 and O3 during the Recent Decade in Taiwan

台灣進十年來懸浮微粒（PM10）和臭氧（O3）之空間和季節變動

張順欽(Shuenn-Chin Chang) ； 張哲明(Che-Ming Chang) ； 李崇德(Chung-Te Lee)

《環境保護》 31卷2期 (2008/12) Pp. 127-148

https://doi.org/10.30017/EP.200812.0006

摘要

本研究分析1994年至2006年懸浮微粒（PM10）和臭氧（O3）監測資料顯示其長期變動和超過國家空氣品質標準（TNAAQS）情形，同時進行主成份分析（PCA）以辦識其空間分佈變化和季節變動。為瞭解不同時期污染排放改變的效應，將全部監測資料分成1994－1998，1999－2003和2004－2006年等三個時期來加以分析。分析結果顯示，台灣PM10濃度值已逐漸下降，超過國家空氣品質標準亦顯著下降；反之臭氧最高小時值（O3, max）和臭氧8小時平均值（O3, 8h）濃度值逐漸上升，超過國家空氣品質標準亦同時顯著增加，顯示O3的污染問題日趨惡化。主要成份分析研究顯示，PM10濃度值下降後，不同地區PM10濃度值相關性未呈現顯著的變化，反之，O3, max濃度值在中部地區逐漸和在南部地區呈現相同的變化。根據主成份積分（principal components scores）之季節分析顯示，PM10季節變化在台灣南部地區非常顯著，PM10在1月至4月和10月至12月容易達到高峰值。然而，PM10季節變化在其他地區則非常小。O3, max季節變化分析研究顯示，台北高峰值出現在4月至8月間，和其他地區高峰值出現在6月至8月間有明顯不同。這些因素將可成為未來污染防制的重要參考。

關鍵字

懸浮微粒 ； 臭氧 ； 主成份分析

並列摘要

Analyses of the PM10 and O3 records from 1994 to 2006 are conducted to show their long-term variations and excess of the Taiwan National Air Quality Standard (TNAAQS), and the principal component analysis (PCA) is performed to identify their spatial distribution changes and seasonal variations. In order to demonstrate the effects of changes in emission, the monitoring data are classified into three periods 1994-1998, 1999-2003, and 2004-2006 for analyses. The results indicate that PM10 concentration in Taiwan has been dropping gradually, and the excess of TNAAQS has witnessed an apparent decline; whereas the concentrations of O(subscript 3, max) and O(subscript 3, 8h) are slowly going up, and the excess of TNAAQS experiences an obvious rise, showing that the O3 pollution problem is increasingly worsening. The findings of the principal component analysis reveal that, after the fall of PM10 concentration, the relevance of PM10 concentration in various regions does not show any considerable change. Contrastively, after the rise of O(subscript 3, max) concentration, O(subscript 3, max) concentration of the central region gradually demonstrates quite identical changes to those in the southern region of Taiwan. The seasonal analysis findings based on the principal components scores show that the seasonal change of PM10 in southern Taiwan is most obvious. PM10 is apt to reach its highest value from January to April and October to December. However, seasonal changes in other regions are rather small. The findings of O(subscript 3, max) seasonal change analysis reveal that Taipei registers its highest value from April to August, apparently different from the situation in other regions where the lowest concentration shows from June to August. All these factors make up major references for future pollution control.

並列關鍵字

PM10 ； O3 ； PCA ； air quality trend