王龍溪思想中「情」的涵義－從氣論的角度切入

Connotations of ＂Sentiment＂ in Wang Longxi's Thought: A Discussion from the Perspective of Qi Theory

張美娟(Mei-chuan Chang)

《漢學研究》 33卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 129-162

摘要

本論文乃藉由王龍溪「理會性情」工夫論－「『戒慎恐懼』於『一念之微』」氣論內涵的深入探討，指出在王氏觀念中，「一念之微」乃為王氏氣論核心－與「良知」元神相依的「良知靈氣」，所發用的最初無欲一息。而「戒慎恐懼」氣論意蘊乃指，在人倫物理感應之際，在「良知靈氣」發動一息處的照察警惕，照察於是否有人欲習氣介入。如此的「理會性情」工夫論，自然能保攝「元氣」（「良知靈氣」）的無欲性，能使人倫感應而來的「意」，成為「意根於心」的「誠意」，由此「誠意」而來的「真情」，便為來自「意識底層」中與「良知」元神相依的「良知靈氣」，所發用的「中和性情」。本文復進一步探討此「中和性情」特徵與意涵，最後指出，本文有關王氏「性情」觀的詮解，將有助於王氏〈擊壤集序〉本身詩歌美學意義的理解與思考。

關鍵字

王龍溪 ； 中和性情 ； 一念之微 ； 戒慎恐懼 ； 良知靈氣

並列摘要

Wang Longxi's theory of moral cultivation calls for maintaining prudence and vigilance towards subtle thought. A deep exploration of this theory reveals that subtle thought lies at the core of his conception of qi 氣 and is the ＂desireless breath＂ utilized by the interdependent primordial innate moral sense and intuitive mind. This implies remaining alert in relation to one's intuitive thoughts during ethical and physical reactions to examine if human desires and habits intervene. This skill of cultivating a ＂perceptive temperament＂ naturally helps to maintain the desirelessness of the intuitive mind and is able to turn intention originating from ethical reactions into authentic, sincere intention; the true sentiment borne of this sincere intention is transformed into a harmonious disposition that is put to use by one's fundamental innate moral sense and intuitive mind that exist in the depths of consciousness. This study further discusses the characteristics and significance of this harmonious disposition, and concludes by interpreting Wang's views on ＂temperament,＂ which will help us understand the aesthetic significance of his poem Ji rang ji xu (擊壤集序 Preface to Anthology on Earth).

並列關鍵字

Wang Longxi ； harmonious disposition ； subtle thought ； prudence and vigilance ； intuitive mind

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