析論馬祖方言韻變現象的世代差異

Diversity of Variations in Finals among Different Generations of Eastern Min Speakers in the Matsu Islands

杜佳倫(Tu Chia-lun)

《漢學研究》 35卷2期 (2017/06) Pp. 325-358

摘要

馬祖地區通行閩東方言，具有複雜的韻變現象，在以往共時分析與跨方言比較的研究基礎之上，本文改採對比世代差異的研究方法，運用詞彙調查表蒐集馬祖地區老、中、青壯等三個年齡層的重點語料，然後進行跨世代的對比分析，具體探究馬祖韻母變異現象在歷時層面的實行過程與演變趨向，進而檢證跨方言比較所提出的幾項推論，並詳細探討影響韻讀產生變異的動因。本文重要結論有四：1.馬祖下降複元音韻腹正在進行系統性的高化韻變；2.該類高化韻變揭示閩東韻變現象在歷時層面上一致趨向高化的可能性；3.馬祖高化韻變不僅在調類上逐步擴散，也在韻尾結構上逐步擴散，其中帶有輔音韻尾者已由語音條件上的共時性變異逐漸穩固為歷時性的音韻變化；4.馬祖中、青年層部分韻母變異表現，乃與語言接觸影響密切相關，可分為兩種變化方式：一是「移借」（borrowing），乃指受到華語或臺灣閩南語的優勢影響而零星借入若干詞彙音讀成分；二是「主語干擾」（imposition），乃指以華語為第一流利語言的青壯層將華語韻母的結構性成分施加至馬祖音韻系統中。

關鍵字

馬祖 ； 閩東方言 ； 韻變 ； 世代差異

並列摘要

There are complex variations In the finals of the Ea tern Min 閩東 dialect spoken in the Matsu Island. This paper focuses on the diversity of variations in finals among three generations of speakers. The critical language data for the different age groups was collected by mean of wordlist investigations. A comparative analysis of the diversity of variations in finals among the different generations of speakers was then carried out to investigate the developmental trends and implementation processes of these changes diachronically. The investigation leads to four conclusion: (1) A systematic raising of descending diphthongs is in progress in the Matsu Islands; (2) This type of phenomenon shows the probability of a consistent trend over time toward the raising of finals in Eastern Min; (3) This change is gradually diffusing not only through the tones but also the coda structures; (4) Some sound variations in the Eastern Min spoken in the Matsu Island are the result of language contact. This has occurred in two ways: one is lexical borrowing from Taiwanese Mandarin and Southern Min 閩南; the other is imposition from the dominant language, Taiwanese Mandarin.

並列關鍵字

Matsu ； Eastern Min ； variation in final ； diversity among generations

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