台灣主要經濟樹材組織構造變異性之研究（I）－針葉樹材之樹幹之直徑、比重、細胞壁率與邊心材率

Study on the Variation of Tissue Structure of the Economic Trees in Taiwan (I) The Trunk Diameter, Specific Gravity, Cell Wall Percentage- and Heartwood Ratio of Softwood Species

吳順昭(Shuen-Chao Wu) ； 謝榮生(Rang-Sheng Hsieh)

《林產工業》 7卷1期 (1988/03) Pp. 1-22

https://doi.org/10.6561/FPI.1988.7(1).1

摘要

本研究在探討台灣之紅檜、扁柏、鐵杉、香杉、冷衫、雲杉等六種針葉材單株內之樹體直徑、比重、細胞壁率及邊心材率在與樹幹成垂直及平行方向之變異性，結果如次：（1）不同樹高直徑之變異以樹基部位最大，且往樹稍方向漸次減小，六種針葉材皆然。（2）樹體直徑變異之大小以鐵杉＞紅檜＞扁柏＞香杉＞冷杉＞雲杉。（3）比重之橫向變異計六類：A類有紅檜及鐵杉之2/4H與3/4H二段之南向，其比重由髓心往邊材部位減少。B類為扁柏、香杉及鐵杉之1/4H，由髓心至樹皮呈S型變異。C類有鐵杉0/4H，比重先增後減。D類計鐵杉之2/4H及3/5H二段之北向，比重先減後增，髓心比重大於邊材。E類僅雲杉屬之，比重亦先減後增，但髓心比重較低。F類為冷杉，比重由髓心向樹皮部位漸減。（4）比重垂直變異可歸納成三型，第一型有紅檜、鐵杉、雲杉，比重由樹基往樹梢加。第二型有扁柏、香杉縱向變異先減後增。第三型僅冷杉，屬先增後減之變異。（5）細胞壁率之變異不論橫向及縱向均與比重相似，計有橫向六類、縱向三型之變異。（6）比重與細胞壁率兩者呈極顯著之相關。（7）心材率由樹基往樹梢方向漸減，平均心材率各為扁柏83.85%、紅檜73.88%、香杉69.93%、鐵杉55.81%。

關鍵字

橫向與縱向之變異性 ； 樹幹直徑 ； 比重 ； 細胞壁率 ； 心材率

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the variation of trunk diameter, specific gravity, cell wall percentage, and heartwood ratio in the transversal and axial direction on single stem of Taiwan red cypress, Taiwan yellow cypress, Taiwan hemlock, Luanta fir, Taiwan. fir, Taiwan spruce wood species. The experimental results are summerized as follow: (1) The variation of stem diameter at different height of tress have the same trend, the stein diameter decreases from the stump to the top and the regression slopes of diameter variation are in the follow order: Taiwan hemlock＞Taiwan red cypress＞Taiwan yellow cypress＞Luanta fir＞Taiwan fir＞Taiwan spruce. (2) The variation of specific gravity in the transversal direction has six 'types: Type A: Specific gravity decreases from pith to bark (Taiwan red cypress; Taiwan hemlock 2/4H & 3/4H South). Type B: A high specific gravity is near the pith and decreases outward for the first few years, after that it will increase again and decrease to the bark (Taiwan yellow cypress; Luanta fir; Taiwan hemlock 1/4H). Type C: Specific gravity increases outward for the first few years and decreases to the bark (Taiwan hemlock 0/4H). Type D: Specific gravity decreases from pith to sapwood and then increases to the bark (Taiwan hemlock 2/4H, 3/4H North). Type E: Specific gravity decreases outward for the first few years and increases to the bark (Taiwan spruce).Type F: Specific gravity increases from pith to the bark (Taiwan fir). (3) The variation of specific gravity in the axial direction has three forms: Form 1: Specific gravity increases from the stump to the top (Taiwan red cypress; Taiwan hemlock; Taiwan spruce). Form 2: Specific gravity decreases from the base to the middle part of trunk and then increases to the top again (Taiwan yellow cypress; Luanta fir). Form 3: Specific gravity increases from the stump to the middle part of trunk and decreases to the top trunk (Taiwan fir). (4) The variation of cell wall percentage in the transversal and axial direction is the same as the variation of specific gravity. There are six types in the transversal and three in axial direction. (5) The relationship between specific gravity and cell wall percentage highly significant (at 1% level). (6) Heartwood ratio decreases from the stump to the top, and the average heartwood ratio are Taiwan yellow cypress: .83.85%, Taiwan red cypress: 73.88%,Luanta fir: 69.93%, Taiwan hemlock: 55.81% respectively.

並列關鍵字

Variation ； Trunk Diameter ； Specific Gravity ； Percentage ； Heartwood Ratio