台灣新引種竹材構造變異之研究

The Structural Variation of Recently Introduced Bamboos in Taiwan

吳順昭(Shuen-Chao Wu) ； 謝榮生(Jung-Sheng Hsieh)

《林產工業》 9卷1期 (1990/03) Pp. 55-78

https://doi.org/10.6561/FPI.1990.9(1).5

摘要

本研究旨在探討於1980至1981年由中南美洲及東南亞地區新引進竹材立構造變異，九種試驗竹材分別為簕竹Bambusa dissemulator McClure，青皮竹Bambusa textilis McClure，大耳竹Bambusa tulda Roxb.，花眉竹Bambusa tuldoides Munro，變葉竹Bambusa variegata，馬來巨草竹Gigantochloa apus (Schultes) Kurz，條紋巨草竹Gigantochloa verticillata (Willdenow) Munro，南美刺竹Guadua angustifolia Kunth及烏魯竹Schizostachyum zollingeri Steud.研究之重要結果如下：1.竹壁橫向維管束，以中部最大，九種竹材第二節間尺寸介於455μm及680μm。縱向變異隨竹桿高度之增加而遞減，至第二十六節間則介於220μm及470μm。2.九種竹材均屬叢生竹類，然除南美刺竹具第一型維管束外，另八種竹材均為具有纖維束之第三型及第四型維管束。3.竹壁中部組織構成比率以南美刺竹較特殊，其薄壁組織佔77%，纖維組織9%，輸導組織14%。而另八種竹材構成比率較相近分別介於51.0～58.0%、29.7%～35.2%及11.3%～16.5%。4.組織構成比率於竹桿縱向變異趨勢，依九竹種之平均值顯示，薄壁組織均由基部往梢部減小，而纖維與輪導組織則相反。5.維管束尺寸與離地節間數及竹壁厚度成極顯著之直線相關。

關鍵字

竹材 ； 構造變異 ； 維管束 ； 纖維束 ； 構成比率

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the structure of bamboos introduced recently from Central and South America and South-East Asia to Taiwan during the period of 1980 to 1981. The species examined are Bambusa dissimulator McClure, Bambusa textelis McClure, Bambusa tulda Roxb., Bambusa tudoides Munro, Bambusa variegate, Gigantochloa apus (Schultes) Kurz Gigantochloa verticillata (Will-denow) Munro, Guadua angustifolia Kunth and Schizostachyum zollingeri Steudel. The key results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The largest vascular bundle is in the central part of the culm wall at each inter-node and the variation in size decreases from 455μm-680μm for the second internode to 220μm-470μm for the 26th internode.2. All of tested bamboos are pachymorph rhizome, but the vascular bundle type of Guadua angustifolia is type I and the others are type III and IV respectively. 3. The constituent percentage of bamboo structure is 51.0 to 58.0% for parenchyma, 29.7 to 35.7% for fiber cells and 11.3 to 16.5% for conducting tissue, but the Guadua angustifolia has a special result with 77%, 9% and 14%respectively. 4. According to the variation of average constituent percentage in the longitudinal direction decreases from the base to the top for parenchyma and increase for fiber cells and conduction tissue.

並列關鍵字

Bamboo ； Structural variation ； Vascular bundle ； Fiber strand ； Constituent percentage