防火藥劑處理對木材耐燃性之改善效應

Improving Effect of Incombustibility of Wood by Fire-Retardant Treatment

蔡金木(Ching-Mu Tsai) ； 王越琳(Yueh-Lin Wang) ； 蘇文瑜(Wen-Yu Su)

《林產工業》 11卷2期 (1992/06) Pp. 99-112

https://doi.org/10.6561/FPI.1992.11(2).8

摘要

就11種針葉樹（臺灣產9種、美國產2種）及10種闊葉樹（臺灣產4種、美國產6種）220x220x10mn鉋光板材試片以充細胞法注入國產防火藥劑後，按照CNS-6532所規定耐燃3級之表面燃燒性試驗法予以加熱，測定排氣溫度上升性（排氣溫度曲線超過標準溫度曲線所經過時問tc＞3min）、發熱性（tc後排氣溫度和標準溫度二曲線所包圍面積tdθ＜350min℃）、發煙性（單位面積最大發煙量，即發煙係數C_A＜120）及餘焰時間（tl＜30sec），並與未處理材比較，探討其處理改善效果。結果顯示，雖然以同一藥劑，同一方法作注入處理，但由於樹種，其吸收量、未處理材燃燒性及處理改善效果有別，以致該11種針葉樹中僅有臺灣產的杉木、臺灣杉、臺灣雲杉、臺灣冷杉、臺灣鐵杉及美國產的南方松6種，10種闊葉樹中僅有臺灣產的泡桐及美國產的朴樹和甜楓3種，符合耐燃3級規定。其餘樹種，主要在餘焰時間這一項未能達到標準，但由於該防火藥劑對各項燃燒性測定項目均其抑制效用，故只要增加吸收量或改用更具效用的防火藥劑應可達到標準無疑。

關鍵字

耐燃性 ； 防火藥劑 ； 木材

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the incombustibility of fire-retardant-treated woods. Nine species of Taiwan and two species of American softwoods, and four species of Taiwan and six species of American hardwoods, and a commercial fire retardant were used in this study. The S-4-S air-dried specimens having dimensions of 220 by 220 by 10mm were impregnated with a fire retardant by full-cell process. The specimens were tested in accordance with ＂Grade 3 Incombustibility＂ of the surface combustibility test prescribed in CNS-6532-1980 (identical with JIS-A-1321-1975), and the exhaust temperature rise (tc＞3min), heat generation (tdθ＜350 min℃), smoke evolution (C_A＜120), and the after flame time (tl＜30sec) were measured, and compared with those of untreated specimens for evaluation of treating effects.The specimens were varied in chemical retention, combustibility and the treated effectiveness of incombustibility according to wood species. Only the six softwood and three hardwood species, namely China fir, Taiwania, Taiwan spruce , Taiwan fir, Taiwan hemlock, Southern pine, Fortune paulownia, Hackberry, and Sweetgum, passed the combustibility test for approved ＂Grade 3 Incombustibility＂ materials. The other remained five softwood and seven hardwood species failed mainly in meeting the after flame requirement. However, the fire retardant showed inhibiting effect in the all requirements of the test. Increases in the chemical retention or using of more effective chemical should be considered to solve the problem of meeting the after flame requirement.

並列關鍵字

Incombustibility ； Fire retardant ； Woods