The Environmental Movement and Tropical Timber Trade

環保運動與熱帶木材貿易

Paul M. Smith ； Lucie K. Ozanne

《林產工業》 12卷1期 (1993/03) Pp. 1-17

摘要

本論文探討熱帶木材貿易對熱帶地區林木伐採之衝擊以及環保運動對其之影響。文中亦談及熱帶木材之供需與世界相關地區之有關分析，以提供對此貿易問題之展望，在1989年間，東南亞地區佔全熱帶木材貿易總量（體積）之88%；而其中約70%來自馬來西亞及印尼。前述熱帶材貿易總量中之其餘90%及30%則分別由非洲及拉丁美洲地區提供。整體而言，以原木型式出口，佔1989年全原木、製材、合板及單板類出口量之51%；合板及單板佔27%；製材佔24%。環保機構或非官方組織（NGOs）正企圖影響這些木材工業活動之進行，其採取之行動包括消費者抵制，經由政府之貿易限制或支持永續經營等等，環保運動之內涵以及全世界有影響環保團體之不同立場及策略亦在本文中例舉。

並列摘要

The impact of tropical timber trade on tropical deforestation is examined as well as the effect of the environmental movement on this activity. Tropical timber supply and demand nations and regions of the world are examined to provide a perspective on this trade issue. South Ease Asia represented nearly 88% of the volume of tropical timber traded in 1989; approximately 70% of this volume originates in Malaysia and Indonesia. African tropical timber producers supplied about 9% and the balance or 3% of 1989's total tropical timber exports, by volume, were from Latin America. Overall, roundwood exports represented about 51% of the total volume of tropical log, lumber, plywood and veneer exports in 1989; plywood and veneer constituted an additional 27%; and sawnwood was 24% of the volume traded internationally that year. Environmental organizations or non-government organizations (NGOs) are attempting to influence the activities of the timber industry through the use of consumer boycotts, government trade restrictions and/or support of sustainable management. Insight into the environmental movement as well as various positions of and strategies employed by influential environmental groups around the world are presented.