農林廢料製造木材膠合劑之研究（Ⅰ）－樹皮、稻穀及蔗渣之化學組成分分析

Studies on the Manufacture of Wood Adhesives from the Residue of Agriculture and Forest (Ⅰ)-Analysis of the Chemical Components of Barks, Rice Hull and Bagasse

李文昭(Wen-Jau Lii) ； 劉正字(Cheng-Tzu Liu)

《林產工業》 14卷2期 (1995/06) Pp. 102-119

https://doi.org/10.6561/FPI.1995.14(2).7

摘要

本研究乃探討相思樹、台灣泡桐、木油桐、山黃麻等闊葉樹及杉木、台灣杉等針葉樹之樹皮，及稻殼、蔗渣等兩種農業廢料之化學組成分，及其抽出成分中之反應性酚物質之含量。所得重要結果可歸納如下：1. 闊葉樹中以木油桐樹皮有較高之全纖維素及灰分含量，山黃麻樹皮則有較高之木質素含量。針葉樹樹皮之灰分含量約為闊葉樹之1/2。針葉樹樹皮之全纖維素含量內皮高於外皮，木質素含量則以外皮較高。2. 乙醚及醇苯抽出物含量針葉樹樹皮高於闊針葉樹樹皮。熱水及1% NaOH抽出物則闊葉樹樹皮高於針葉樹樹皮。3. 熱水抽出物中反應性酚物質含量以相思樹、木油桐、山黃麻含量較高，台灣泡桐、杉木、台灣杉則較低，稻殼及蔗渣則幾不含反應性酚物質。1% NaOH抽出物中之反應性酚物質含量則山黃麻、相思樹、杉木外皮及台灣杉外皮均為60%以上。杉木及台灣杉之內皮及台灣泡桐則偏低。反應性酚物質佔樹皮絕乾重之百分比則山黃麻之37%最高；相思樹約33%次之，杉木外皮約23%。4. 各試料之熱水抽出物以鹽酸－褔馬林法檢定時均有沉澱物產生，其濾液則僅台灣泡桐有呈色反應。以醋酸－醋酸鉛檢定時亦均有沉澱產生，然其呈色反應則以相思樹樹皮最為明顯，木油桐、山黃麻及杉木內皮次之，台灣泡桐僅略呈色，其餘試料則僅無顏色變化。

關鍵字

農林廢料 ； 單寧抽出物 ； 反應性酚物質

並列摘要

This study investigated the chemical components and phenolic materials content of the bark of acacia, Taiwan paulownia, wood oil tree, India charcoal trema, Taiwania, China fir and rice hull and bagasse. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The bark of hardwood such as the wood oil tree had the higher content of hollcellulose and ash, and the India charcoal trema had the higher content of lignin. The ash content of the bark of coniferous wood was half of hardwood. At coniferous wood bark, their hollcellulose contents were higher in inner bark than outer bark, but lignin content was higher in outer bark. 2. The contents of ether and benzen-alcohol extractives of coniferous wood barks were higher than that of hardwood barks. But the contents of hot water and 1% NaOH extractives of hardwood barks were higher than that of coniferous barks. 3. In the hot water extractives, the barks of acacia, wood oil tree and India charcoal trema had more phenolic materials contents than Taiwan paulownia, Taiwania, China fir. And they would be lacking in the hot water extractives of rice hull and bagasse. In the 1% NaOH extractives, their phenolic materials contents were higher for India charcoal trema, acacia, outer bark of Taiwania and China fir, their contents were about 60% , but were lower for Taiwan paulownia and the inner bark of Taiwania and China fir. Considering to ratio of dry bark weight, India charcoal trema was the highest, its content was about 37%, acacia was secondary, 33%, then was outer bark of China fir. 4. The extractives from hot water of all test materials would produce precipitate when they reacted with hydrochloric acid and formalin, and when iron alum and sodium acetate were added to their filtration, they would present color for Taiwan paulownia only. Besides, when these extractives from hot water reacted with acetic acid and lead acetate, precipitate would be found for all test materials too, and at the color detection of filtretion by iron alum and sodium acetate adding, acacia extractives would be the most deepest than others, wood oil tree, India charcoal trema, inner bark of China fir would be secondary, Taiwan paulownia had slight color, and it would be colorless for others.

並列關鍵字

agriculture residue ； tannin extractives ； phenolic materials