無患子果實組成分及物化性質之研究

Study on the Components and Physico-Chemical Properties of Soapnut Tree Fruit

阮巽雯(Syun-Wun Ruan) ； 黃金城(Jin-Cherng Huang)

《林產工業》 25卷3期 (2006/09) Pp. 209-220

https://doi.org/10.6561/FPI.2006.25.(3).5

摘要

本研究係分析台灣、越南及印度等七個產地無患子果實之組成分及其物化性質。洗淨後果實外觀 尺寸，國外產地（越南與印度）之長×寬×高為23.19 ~ 24.37 × 20.76 ~ 20.92 × 21.03 ~ 21.80 mm^3，圈內產地者則為18.97 ~ 22.26 × 16.86 ~ 19.47 × 17.92 ~ 19.46 mm^3。種子外觀尺寸，國外與國內產地分別為14.03 ~ 14.29 × 13.00 ~ 13.15 ×14.86 ~ 15.03 mm^3與12.16 ~ 14.08 × 11.20 ~ 12.11 × 12.58 ~ 13.69 mm^3。果實重量國外產地約4.5g，國內者2.3 ~ 3.8g，種子重量國外者1.7~1.8g，國內者1.1 g ~ 1.4g，種仁外國者0.4 ~ 0.5g, 國內者0.2 ~ 0.3g。無患子種仁油之獲油率約為35 ~ 39%、比重為0.91 ~0.92、碘價85~98、皂化價173 ~ 196、酸價1.26~3.03、不皂化物0.13 ~0.70%，脂肪酸成分以油酸含量最高42 ~ 50%，另其含有17 ~ 20%二十碳烯酸，5.80 ~ 7.80%花生酸、4.10 ~ 4.60%棕櫚酸、3.90 ~ 6.10%亞麻油酸及少量的硬脂酸、次亞麻油酸及二十二酸等脂肪酸。無患子硬質種皮主要由全纖維素與木質素組成，二者各佔50 ~ 58%及36 ~ 47%，另含灰分約2 ~ 3%。TGA分析得知，其焦炭殘留率約29 ~ 32%。無患子果皮粗皂素含量印度66.67%最高，越南43.33%最低，而國內者則介於51.67%和61.67%之間。

關鍵字

無患子 ； 脂肪酸 ； 粗皂素。

並列摘要

The components and physical-chemical properties of the fruit of the Sapindus Mukorossi (SM) from Taiwan, India and Vietnam etc. were investigated. After they washed, the surface dimensions of length x width x height were about 23.19-24.37 x 20.76-20.92 x 21.03-21.80 mm^3 from India and Vietnam, and about 18.97-22.26 x 16.86-19.47 x 17.92-19.46 mm^3 from Taiwan. The surface dimensions of the seed were about 14.03-14.29 x13.00-13.15 x14.86-15.03 mm^3 from India and Vietnam, and about 12.16-14.08 x11.20-12.11 x12.58-13.69 mn^3 from Taiwan. The weight of the fruit, the seed and the kernel from India and Vietnam were about 4.5, 1.7-1.8 and 0.4-0.5g, and from Taiwan were about 2.3-3.8, 1.1-1.4 and 0.2-0.3g. The properties of the SMkernel showed that the lipid yield was about 35-39%, the specific gravity was 0.91-0.92, the iodine value was 85-98, the saponification value was 173-196, the acid value was 1.26-3.03, and the unsaponifiable matter 0.13-0.70%. For the components of SM, the oleic acid of the fatty acid was about 42-50%, which was one of the great amount contents. The others were included 17-20% eicosaenoic acid, 5.80-7.80% arachidic acid, 4.10-4.60% palmitic acid, 3.90-6.10% linoleic acid, as well as some of stearic acid, linolenic acid and benenic acid, etc. Main components of SM shell were 50-58 and 36-47% for their holocellulose and lignin, and the ash was about 2-3%. The results of TGA analysis showed that the char of the shell was about 29-32%. The yield of the crude saponin contents from India was about 66.67% and 43.33 % from Vietnam, but they were about 51.67- 61.67% from Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Sapindus Mukorossi ； Fatty Acid ； Crude Saponin