烏桕種子油化學成分之研究

Chemical Components of the Chinese Tallow (Sapium sebiferum L. Roxb.) Seed Oil

顧文君(Wen-Jun Ku) ； 馬復京(Fu-Ching Ma) ； 游漢明(Han-Ming Yu) ； 朱紀實(Chi-Shih Chu)

《林產工業》 34卷3期 (2015/09) Pp. 143-150

https://doi.org/10.6561/FPI.2015.34(3).4

摘要

本研究以2個不同區域14株之烏桕（Sapium sebiferum L. Roxb.）果實為材料，利用不同方法萃取烏桕外種皮之桕脂（Vetable tallow）與種仁之桕油（Stillingia oil）並分別計算含量，再以衰減全反射式紅外線光譜儀（ATR-FTIR）、紫外可見光譜（UV-VIS）與氣相層析儀（GC-FID）分析其化學組成與性質。試驗結果顯示烏桕油脂總含量為35.74〜41.49%，外種皮含桕脂率為51.73〜57.33%，種仁含桕油率為47.45〜52.96%。ATR-FTIR光譜分析顯示桕脂與桕油在油脂特徵之吸收峰波數2926、2854、1745與1163 cm^(-1)等處皆明顯呈現但強度比值不同，顯示其油脂成分相近但含量相異。由紫外可見光譜分析結果得知，只有桕油在260 nm具有桕油四酯中二烯酸基團之共軛雙鍵特徵吸收峰。由氣相層析儀分析脂肪酸之結果，得知在桕脂的脂肪酸中棕櫚酸（C16:0, P）含量為61.72〜71.89%、油酸（C18:1, O）含量為28.11〜34.63%、P/O比值為1.76〜2.39；桕油的脂肪酸中棕櫚酸（C16:0, P）含量為6.01〜10.65%、油酸（C18:1, O）含量為10.60〜14.59%、亞油酸（C18:2, Lo）含量為27.10〜35.58%、亞麻酸（C18:3, Ln）含量為33.74〜46.29%，P/O比值為0.49〜0.74。由P/O比值得知桕脂可作為類可可脂之原料，其所對稱型（P-O-P）三酸甘油酯可作為美妝品之護膚霜原料。桕油中亞油酸（或稱亞麻仁油酸）（Ω-6）、亞麻酸（或稱次亞麻仁油酸）（Ω-3）之含量均高，可廣泛運用於塗料工業、食品工業等且具市場競爭力與應用前景。

關鍵字

烏桕 ； 皮油 ； 桕油 ； 脂肪酸

並列摘要

The skin oil (vegetable tallow) and the kernel oil (stillingia oil) of 14 Chinese tallow trees from 2 regions were extracted and purified by using different methods. The chemical composition and properties of these compounds in these oils were investigated by using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) and gas chromatography (GC-FID). Total oil content was 35.74~41.49% for the seed, 51.73~57.33% for the vegetable tallow, and 47.45~52.96% for the stillingia oil. In ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, both vegetable tallow and stillingia oil appeared significant absorption peaks at wave numbers of 2926, 2854, 1745 and 1163 cm^(-1) with different intensity, implying that both oils shared similar compounds with different concentrations. The UV-visible spectroscopy analysis displayed characteristic absorption peak at 260 nm in stillingia oil, not in vegetable tallow, demonstrating the conjugated double bond in the two acid groups of a tetracylglycerol molecule in stillingia oil. Gas chromatography analysis revealed that tallow oil contained 61.72~71.89% of palmitic acid (C16: 0, P) and 28.11~34.63% of oleic acid (C18: 1, O) with a P/O ratio of 1.76~2.39. Additionally, stillingia oil composed of 6.01~10.65% of palmitic acid (C16: 0, P), 10.60~14.59% of oleic acid (C18: 1, O), 27.10%~35.58% of linoleic acid (C18: 2, Lo), and 33.74% ~46.29% of linolenic acid (C18: 3, Ln). The P/O ratio was lower than that of tallow oil with a ratio of 0.49~0.74. With higher P/O ratio, tallow oil is possibly could be used to replace cocoa butter in cosmetic use. Furthermore, stillingia oil with abundance in linoleic acid (Ω-6) and linolenic acid (Ω-3) can be used for paint and food industry with great market potential.

並列關鍵字

Tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum L. Roxb.) ； Vegetable tallow ； Stillingia oil ； Fatty acid