液化柳杉為原料製作回彈性聚胺基甲酸酯發泡體之性質

Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foams Made from Liquefied Cryptomeria japonica as Raw Materials

阮幼梅(Yu-Mei Juan) ； 李文昭(Wen-Jau Lee)

《林產工業》 37卷1期 (2018/03) Pp. 47-56

https://doi.org/10.6561/FPI.201803_37(1).0005

摘要

聚胺基甲酸酯（Polyurethane；PU）為工業上最重要的合成樹脂之一，其中回彈性PU發泡體（Flexible PU foam）性質柔軟，具備高度的變形回復能力，多應用於包裝用材、防震材料及座墊用料等用途。本研究將柳杉（Cryptomeria japonica）木材、樹皮及經乙醇萃取之木材及樹皮以聚乙二醇/丙三醇混合液為溶劑進行液化處理，利用所得液化產物（LW、LB、LEW及LEB）為多元醇原料與Desmodur N（1,6-六甲基二異氰酸酯之三量體）反應製作回彈性PU發泡體。第一階段探討適用的界面活性劑、催化劑及鏈延長劑添加條件，隨後以LW、LB、LEW及LEB為基質製作之回彈性PU發泡體，並分析PU發泡體之吸水性能、耐溶劑性、壓縮應力、彈性回復及彈性疲勞等性質。由試驗結果得知，利用液化木質材料/Desmodur N為原料製作回彈性PU發泡體時，宜添加液化木質材料重2%之有機矽氧烷（DC-5188）為界面活性劑，3%之二月桂酸二丁錫為催化劑，20%之1,4-丁二醇為鏈延長劑。所製作的回彈性PU發泡體適用於吸水材料開發。不同液化木質材料比較，以LW及LEW為多元醇原料所製作回彈性PU發泡體之耐水性、耐溶劑性及壓縮應力優於以LB及LEB為多元醇原料所製作者。

關鍵字

柳杉 ； 回彈性發泡體 ； 異氰酸酯 ； 液化木質材料 ； 聚胺基甲酸酯

並列摘要

Polyurethane resin (PU) is one of the most important synthetic resins in the industry. The flexible PU foam is soft in nature and has a high degree of elastic recovery. Most of them are used in the applications such as packaging materials, shockproof materials and seat cushion materials. In this study, wood and bark of Cryptomeria japonica and their alcohol extracted materials were liquefied with the mixture of polyethylene glycol and glycerol as a solvent. The liquefied products, named LW, LB, LEW and LEB, were used as polyols and reacted with Desmodur N (a trimer of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate) to prepare flexible PU foams. In the first stage, the applicable conditions for the addition of surfactants, catalysts and chain extenders were investigated. Then, flexible PU foams based on LW, LB, LEW and LEB were prepared and the properties of water absorption, solvent resistance, compressive stress, elastic recovery and elastic fatigue of PU foams were analyzed. When using liquefied wooden material/Desmodur N as the raw material to prepare flexible PU foams, it is advisable to add 2% of organosiloxane (DC-5188), 3% of dibutyltin dilaurate and 20% of 1,4-butanediol as the surfactant, catalyst, and chain extender, respectively, based on the weight of liquefied wooden material. The produced flexible PU foams are suitable for the development of water absorbing materials. Compared with different liquefied wood materials, the water resistance, solvent resistance and compressive stress of flexible PU foams prepared by using LW and LEW as polyol raw materials are better than those produced by using LB and LEB as polyol raw materials.

並列關鍵字

Cryptomeria japonica ； Flexible foams ； Isocyanate ； Liquefied wood material ； Polyurethane