相鄰人工森荷、杉木、孟宗竹林分的枯落物研究：枯落物動態

Litterfall Study on Adjaent Plantations of Schima Superba, Cunninghamia Lanceolata, and Phyllostachys Pubescens: Litterfall Dynamics

鹿兒陽(Erh-Yang Lu) ； 梁治文(Chi-Man Leong) ； 周瑞龍(Ruei-Long Jhou) ； 彭靖媛(Jing-Yuan Peng) ； 劉素玲(Su-Ling Liou)

《國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院實驗林研究報告》 17卷3期 (2003/09) Pp. 171-185

https://doi.org/10.6542/EFNTU.200309_17(3).0005

摘要

本研究在台大實驗林清水溝營林區木荷(Schima superba)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceo1ata)、孟宗竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)三個相鄰人工林分進行枯落物收集及分析，試驗期間自2001年11至2002年10月，每個月進行一次枯落物收集，共收集12次。結果發現木荷林、杉木林、孟宗竹林的年枯落物量分別是8,937、2,027、3,513kg ha^(-1)，木荷林年枯落物量顯著最高，杉木林則最低：三個林分的枯落物中都以落葉（包括所有植物種類）為最重要組成，所佔總枯落物比例分別為82.5%、65.7%、75.7%，杉木林的枯枝也很重要（佔總枯落物32.2%），孟宗竹林次要的枯落物組成則是竹鞘(18.5%)，木荷林的木荷落花(6.0%)、落果(4.3%)亦略具重要性。木荷林及孟宗竹林枯落物高峰均在四月前後，主要是因為四月間木荷及孟宗竹新葉發生，而老葉則開始大量枯落；杉木林枯落物的高峰是在七月，因為七月風雨較強，將杉木枝條（帶著枯葉）打落。木荷及孟宗竹枝條枯落的高峰亦在七月。
木荷林、杉木林、孟宗竹林森林地表乾物量分別是7,308、3,881、2,439kg ha^(-1)，也是木荷林最高，但最低的卻是孟宗竹林。與年枯落物量作比較來推測枯落物分解速率，結果顯示孟宗竹林的枯落物分解速度最快，而杉木林則最慢。枯落物主要組成中以枯葉（不分樹種）分解較快，不易累積，枯枝分解則慢，有逐漸累積的趨勢，木質化的木荷果分解亦慢，孟宗竹鞘分解速度與竹葉較相似，分解較速。

關鍵字

枯落物 ； 木荷 ； 杉木 ； 孟宗竹 ； 森林地表

並列摘要

This study compared the litterfall dynamics among adjacent plantations of Schima superba, Cunninghamia lanceolata, and Phyllostachys pubescens in the Experimental Forest, National Taiwan University. The litterfall was collected once a month for 12 months (November, 2001～October, 2002). The results showed that annual litterfall was 8,937, 2,027, and 3,513 kg ha^(-1) for Schima, Cunninghamia, and Phyllostachys plantations, respectively. The most important component of the litterfall was leaf-fall, which made up 82.5%, 65.7%, and 75.7% of annual litterfall. In both Schima and Phyllostachys plantations, the litterfall peaked in April, when new leaves opened and old leaves were shed. In contrast, in Cunninghamia plantation, the litterfall peaked in July, when the stronger wind and heavier rain broke and blew off the dead branches. Similarly, the fallen branches peaked in July in Schima and Phyllostachys plantations due to the strong wind and rain.
The dry weight of the forest floor was 7,308, 3,881, and 2,439 kg ha^(-1) in Schima, Cunninghamia, and Phyllostachys plantations, respectively. The comparisons between the annual litterfall and the forest floor suggested that the decomposition rate of the litterfall was the fastest in Phyllostachys plantation, followed by Schima and Cunninghamia plantations. The leaf-fall appeared to decompose faster than the fallen branches. The slow decomposition led to the greater accumulation of fallen branches in forest floors.

並列關鍵字

Litterfall ； Schima superba ； Cunninghamia lanceolata ； Phyllostachys pubescens ； forest floor