台大實驗林鳳凰茶園土壤性質之研究

Study on Soil Properties of Fenghuang Tea Plantation in Experimental Forest, National Taiwan University

陳秋萍(Chiou-Pin Chen) ； 鄭智馨(Chih-Hsin Cheng) ； 蔡明哲(Ming-Jer Tsai) ； 白創文(Chuang-Wen Pai)

《國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院實驗林研究報告》 30卷3期 (2016/09) Pp. 187-197

https://doi.org/10.6542/EFNTU.2016.30(3).3

摘要

茶是台灣重要經濟作物之一，茶產業在台灣發展已超過兩百年歷史，其中烏龍茶更在2004年被農委會遴選為四大外銷旗鑑產品之一。近年來消費者的對食品安全衛生及自然保育意識抬頭，施用有機肥料、非農藥防治病蟲害等有機耕種方式逐漸盛行，有機茶葉是講求高品質的農產品，欲達成此目標，有機茶園的土壤診斷是重要的關鍵，藉以診斷該地土壤品質，做為調節施肥之參考依據。本研究選擇台灣大學實驗林管理處清水溝營林區內鳳凰茶園三個實施有機茶栽培之前期示範區，分析不同深度之土壤物理與化學性質，以瞭解土地經營方式與施肥管理影響程度。研究結果顯示，阿薩姆紅茶示範區的質地屬壤土至砂質黏壤土，而青心烏龍與金萱示範區則是以黏壤土為主。所有示範區的土壤皆為強酸性(pH3.6-4.8)且電導度不高，阿薩姆紅茶示範區土壤pH最低，其與該區位於混合人工林含有豐富之有機物有關。所有示範區中，土壤總氮含量與陽離子交換容量的分布受到有機碳含量所影響，土壤有效性磷含量在先前已有施用化學及有機肥料之青心烏龍與金萱示範區的含量明顯增加。所有示範區土壤中最主要的可交換陽離子則是鈣，可交換性鉀、鎂次之。較高含量的游離鐵、鋁與錳出現在阿薩姆紅茶示範區，其可能與土壤的風化程度有關。為日後有機茶園管理提供科學依據，我們建議應該定期檢測茶園土壤之肥力狀況。

關鍵字

有機茶 ； 總氮 ； 有機碳 ； 有效性磷 ； 土壤肥力

並列摘要

Tea is an important economic crop in Taiwan, and the development of tea industry in Taiwan has been more than two hundred years. Oolong tea in 2004 was selected as one of the four export flagship products by the Council of Agriculture. In recent years, people pay more attentions to food safety and conservation, increasing use of organic fertilizers, non-pesticide pest control, and organic farming methods. To maintain sustainable development of organic tea, evaluations of quality under tea growing soils are necessary to make a proper management and sound fertilizer recommendation for this important product. Fenghuang tea plantation of Chingshueigou tract at the Experimental Forest, National Taiwan University, were selected as study sites for understanding the effects of land-use and fertilizer managements on soil properties at different soil depths among three organic tea demonstration areas. The results showed that soils of the Assam black tea demonstration area were loam to sandy clay loam in texture, whereas soils of Oolong and Jinxuan demonstration areas were predominantly clay loam in texture. Soils in all demonstration areas were strong acidic (pH 3.6-4.8) with low electrical conductivity (EC). The lowest pH was found at Assam black tea demonstration area, which was caused by abundant organic carbon content in this demonstration area. The distribution of total nitrogen and CEC were influenced by organic carbon content in all demonstration areas. The prominent increase of available phosphorus (P) content was present in Oolong and Jinxuan demonstration areas with chemical and organic fertilizers used before. Calcium was the dominant exchangeable cation in all soils, exchangeable potassium and magnesium were less. Assam black tea demonstration area has the highest content of free iron, aluminum and manganese, which might due to the degree of weathering. In order to provide scientific basis for management of organic tea in the future, fertility status of soil should be tested periodically.

並列關鍵字

Organic tea ； Total nitrogen ； Organic carbon ； Available phosphorus ； Soil fertility