A Preliminary Report on the Root System of Common Evergreen Fruit Trees in Taiwan

坡地常綠果樹根系初步調查

顏正平(Cheng-ping Yen) ； 胡蘇澄(Su-cherng Hu)

《中華水土保持學報》 4卷2期 (1973/12) Pp. 5-13

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.197312_4(2).0004

摘要

Fruit trees are very important crops for their income has a great influence on economic development. Most of them can thrive in slopeland. The cultivation and management of the plantations in slopeland are quite different and the failures in cultivation and management may cause the deterioation of the fruit quality and soil erosion. It is essential that we persue the best cultivation of the fruit plantations to expedite the develoment of the slopeland. We know very little about the root systems of common fruit trees in Taiwan. Their root systems may vary a great deal under different soil conservation practices. Inview of the root system types, we may draw the proper treatments for conserving soil and suitable cultivation for increasing production. This investigation has been conducted since July, 1973. The project has financially been supported by National Science Council, for which the authors are grateful. MATERIALS 1. Main investigation area3 (1) Hsing-hwa Experimental Forest Station of National Chung Hsing University. (2) Hui-sun Experimental Forest Station of National Chung Using University. (3) Miaoli Area (including San-yi, Kong-kuan, etc.) 2. Investigated species The following Sixteen evergreen fruit trees were selected: (1) Sterculia nobilis R. Br. et Hay. (Ping-poong) (2) Euphoria longana Lamarck (Longan) (3) Litchi chinensis Sonn. (Litchi) (4) Psidium guajava Linn. (Guava) (5) Mangifera indica Linn. (Mango) (6) Eriobolrya japonica Lindl. (Loquat) ( 7) Syzygium samarangense Merr. et Perry (Wax apple) (8) Aserrhoa carambola Linn. (Carambola) (9) Coffea arabica Linn. (Coffee) (10) Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc. (Strawberry trees) (11) Citrus sinensis Osb. var. liucheng Hort. (Golden seal orange) (12) Fortunella margarita Swingle (Kumquat) (13) Citrus limon Burm. (Lemon) (14)Citrus tankan Hay. (Tankan) (15)Citrus gandis Osb. f. hakunikuyu Hay. (White shaddock) (16) Citrus gandis Osb. f. buntan Hay. (Buntan shaddock)

並列摘要

一般適生於山坡地果樹之栽培方法與經營方式多異於平地，苟栽植不當，易造成品質低劣及土壤冲蝕。吾人對於果樹根系之瞭解甚少，不同生育地果樹種類之選定、栽植距離、間作方式及水土保持處理方法等，均需以根系分布型態為依據，乃選定十六種坡地適生常綠性果樹，進行根系調查，必有助於坡地果樹種植之參攷。本調査採用壕溝法，離根株50公分爲A剖面，150公分爲B剖面，用方格網測定根系分布情形。直徑2公厘以上之大根分爲三種直徑級別，直徑小於2公厘之細根以佔有小方格面積之百分比換算為五等級細根指數。茲將調査結果簡述如下：1.蘋婆：無主根，具水平根及垂下根，根多密集於上層，橫向擴展廣，P-type，中根性。2.龍眼：無主根，水平根發達，根多密集於上層，横向擴展廣，P-type，中根性。3.荔枝：無主根，有斜出根，根多密集於上層，橫向擴展廣，P-type，中根性。4.番石榴：無主根，具水平根及心根，根多密佈於中上層，橫向擴展廣，H-type，淺根性。5.檬果：具粗大主根及水平根，根多密佈於中上層，橫向擴展廣，VH-type，深根性。6.枇杷：無主根，具水平根、斜出根及垂下根，根多密佈於中下層，橫向擴展廣，R-type，深根性。7.蓮霧：無主根，具斜出根及垂下根，根多密佈於中下層，橫向擴展廣，R-type，深根性8.楊桃：無主根，具水平跟及垂下根，根多密佈於中上層，橫向擴展廣，PH-type，中根性。9.咖啡：具主根，側根疏少，横向擴展狹，V-type，淺根性。10.楊梅：無主根，具水平根，根多密集於上層，橫向擴展廣，P-type，中根性。11.柳橙：無主根，具水平根，根多密佈於中上層，橫向擴展狹，PH-type，淺根性。12.長實金柑：無主根，具水平根及垂下根，根多密佈於中上層，橫向擴展廣，PH-type，淺根性。13.檸檬，無主根，具水平根，根多密佈於中上層，橫向擴展廣，P-type，淺根性。14.桶柑：無主根，具水平根，根多密集於上層，橫向擴展廣，P-type，淺根性。15.白柚：無主根，具水平根，根多密佈於中上層，橫向擴展廣，PH-type，中根性。16.文旦柚：具主根，水平根及垂下根，根多密佈於中上層，橫向擴展廣，R-type，深根性。