石門水庫上游（奎輝）試驗集水區植物生態調查

A Preliminary Ecological Study on the Vegetation of the Experimental Forest Watershed in Upstream of Shih-men Reservior

楊炳炎(B. Y. Yang) ； 唐凱軍(K. J. Tang)

《中華水土保持學報》 9卷2期 (1978/12) Pp. 143-158

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.197812_9(2).0010

摘要

河川上游集水區自然資源之經營，諸如水源之涵養、流量之調節、水質之維護、泥砂之控制、木材之生產、以及其他自然資源之開發利用等，均與森林經營及土地利用有密切的關係。理想的森林經營方式乃是以生産具經濟價值之森林產物而外，同時又能發揮森林保水固土之最大功能爲其目標。然而探尋適當之森林經營方式，必須先瞭解森林之組織狀態及其演替趨勢，方能進一步研究其在經營上所發生之變化與集水區水文的相互關係。本所於民國六十二年十月起與石門水庫管理局合作，在石門水庫上游之奎輝設置試驗集水區，進行水庫上游集水區之試驗工作，以尋求水庫上游森林集水區之合理經營方法。本報告僅包括該試驗集水區之植物生態調査，俾供將來從事探討環境因子對植物社會之組成，分佈與生態演進上之重要資料，並爲今後在石門水庫集水區植生覆蓋之參考。

並列摘要

During the year of 1977, an investigation study of vegetative conditions was made at one of the experimental watersheds of Taiwan Forestry Research Institute which is located at Fu-Hsing Hsiang in Tao- Yuan Hsien. The purpose of the investigation is to find out the composition of plant community and ecological succession on upstream region of Shih-men reservoir. This information will provide reference for the selection of native species for reforestation, for the evaluation of the effects of the forest vegetation on water resource and, therefore, for making management decision ffor natural hardwoods in protective area of reservoir. The procedures of the investigation are collection of environmental factors, collection of species sample for later identification, and systematic sampling with quadrat. Twenty four plots in total were selected within the experimental watershed with a total area of 65.53 hectares. The size of each plot was 10×10m. The conditions of each plot such as the species, life form and quantity of trees, seedling shrubs, herbs and ferns were recorded. In addition, the plant community composition and ecological succession are deduded. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The experimental watershed is located at northern part of Taiwan which is one of a small Sub-Watershed of the upstream region of Shih-men reservoir, 800-1,520 m. in elevation. According to the record of the weather station (established in April 1975), the weather is classified as warm temperate heavy moist climate. The average annual temperature is 19.3°C with the minimum of 12.3°C in January and the maximum of 25.0°C in July. The average annual ranifall is 2,784.6 mm. Humidity is very high through-out the year and relative humidity is 79.2%. 2. The structure of the forest community is difficult to divide, but it may be divided into four strata, with dominant trees stratum (13-30 m. in height) as the first layer, co-dominant trees stratum (6-12m. in height) as second, young trees and shrubs the third, and herbs and ferns the fourth. Dominant species, however, are Red Nanmu (Maehilus thunbergii), Randaishan cinnamon Tree (Cinnamomum randaiense), Taiwan Tutcheria (Tutcheria shinkoensis), Nanto Actnodaphne (Actnodaphne nantoensis) and Formosana Michelia (Michella formosana). The young trees and sbrubs include numerous species and all are growing well 3. The 324 species including 2 varieties, and 1 forma of the seed plant are belonging to 222 gerera and 98 families, and 90 species of ferns belonging to 52 genera and 28 families in the experimental watershed. The life form of seed plant were determined by the system of Raunkaier corrected by Danserean, and fern were determined according to Raunkaier's Pteridophyte-Queotient formula. A total of 71.87% species in manifest plants (phanerophytes) and 6.88 of Dteridophyte-Quetient, indicates a warm and rainy climate, and the plant community of the watershed belongs to heterogeneous distribution after Raunkaier's ＂Law of Frequency＂. It is indicated that the vegetation on this area is unstable and still under succession.