利用台灣集水區粘土礦物特徵推測坡地土壤沖蝕來源

Inferring Sources of Eroded Soils from Watersheds in Taiwan

謝越平(Y. P. Hsieh)

《中華水土保持學報》 9卷2期 (1978/12) Pp. 93-102

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.197812_9(2).0007

摘要

爲了試驗利用黏土礦物特徵追踪台灣集水區土壤冲蝕來源的可能性，選擇了南投縣境木履欄溪集水區做爲該驗場所。初步結果顯示土樣之X光繞射圖樣若用百分比峯度表示具有良好之重現性及加成性，適合做爲土樣之辨識特徵。木履欄溪之土樣採用四種主要黏土礦物即：蒙特石類、硅石類、雲母類及高嶺石類的百分比峯度作爲辨識特徵，然後應用辨異分析之技術將之區分爲十類。每類皆有顯著之辨識特徵。以後收集之土樣或河砂可用電腦依這些辨識特徵歸入適當之類别。其他黏土礦物之特性如鉀飽和處理後之縮合程度亦能辨識土壤細微之不同。惟要利用黏土礦物作爲台灣集水區冲蝕土壤辨識特徵仍需要對台灣各集水區之黏土礦物做深入的研究。

並列摘要

In order to test the feasibility of using clay mineralogical characters in inferring the sources of eroded soil from watersheds in Taiwan, an experiment was conducted in the Mu-liu-lane Creck Watershed. The results indicated that the Xray diffractogram of the soil samples was both reproducible and additive, if it was expressed as percent peak heights. For those properties, the X-ray diffractogram of soil samples can be used as criteria of identifing soil themself. The statistioal technique of discriminant analysis was employed to characterize and classify the soil samples from the watershed. It was found at least ten categories of soils can be distinguished using the clay mineralogical cariteria. The discriminant analysis can be easily done on a pakage computer program using the developed criteria. Other characters of clay minerals, such as the collapsibility of the 14A X-ray diffraction peak during potassium-saturated-and-heating treatments also revealed the subtle difference among samples. Those subtle differences were very useful in the source studies of soils from a watershed. However, to develop the technique to its full potential, a detail studies and survey on clay mineralogy of soils in watersheds of Taiwan are demended.