森林涵養水資源效能之評估

THE ESTIMATION OF WATER RESOURCES CONSERVATION EFFICIENCY BY FORESTS

謝豪榮(Hao-Jung Shieh) ； 谷雲強(Yun-Chiang Ku)

《中華水土保持學報》 17卷2期 (1986/11) Pp. 84-96

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.198611_17(2).0008

摘要

由於世界人口之急速增加，造成平地之不敷使用而促成山坡地之開發利用，致使原有之良好森林結構被破壞而降低其涵養水源之功能，加上隨著經濟與生活品質之提高與人類需水量之與日急增，促使世界各國均感受到水資源之重要性，進而對森林涵養水源之效益予以進行研究，但以往不管中外，大多之學者均止於其定性之探討，對於其定量之研究較爲缺乏。基此原因本文乃以德基水庫之達盤溪集水區爲研究針象，以期能達到把森林涵養水資源之效用予以量化之目的。本文係將達盤溪之土壤狀況依照林務局之森林調查簿將其集水區之面積、傾斜度、林齡、土壤性質、林型、標高、疏密度等資料，加以整理分類，分別予與取樣調査而求其貯水能，以探討森林涵養水源之功效。據分析結果所得之貯水能廻歸式爲：Wr = 431 .27-1.35 SL + 0.82 AGE-191 .88 S_1+0.52S_2+ 22.43F_1-145.28F_3+ 132.07F_3+ 0.763F_4-0.13H + 6.92 D Wr：貯水能（ℓ/m^2），SL：傾斜度AGE：林齡S_1：壤土*S_2：腐植土*F_1：針闊混淆林* F_2：天然潤葉林*F_3：針葉樹散生地* F_4：闊葉樹散生地* H：標高D：疏密度（註：有打*號者，若有則爲1，若無則爲0，未打*號者以實際値代入）其相關係數高達0.898，可謂爲一合理之貯水能模式。經簡化後之廻歸式爲：Wr = 431.27-1.35SL + 0.82AGE + S + F-0.13H + 6.92 D S：①若爲壤土則S以-191.88代入②若爲腐植土則S以0.52代入　F：①若爲針濶混淆林F以22.43代入②若爲天然濶葉林F以-145.28代入③若爲針葉樹散生地F以132.07代入④若爲濶葉樹散生地F以0.763代入此外爲便於計算其各立地狀況下或整個集水區內之貯水量。繪製如圖3之共軸相關圖以供使用。

並列摘要

Because the world's population increases rapidly, plain does not satisfy our need, so mankind begin to devote exploitation of mountain slope land. But the exploitations result destruction of structure of forest and decrease of water-conservation of forest. For the increasing demand of water, every country realizes the importance of water resources conservation. And they begin to study and to research the effects of forest in conservation water. But most scholar do more research in qualitative analysis than quantitative analysis. The primary purpose of this article is to wish to quantify forest-effect in water resources conservation by studing The Dar-Pan Stream watershed. According to indoor experiment, the effectiveness of forest conservation water resources is changeable by forest soil macropores. By analyzing the samples of The Dar Pan Stream Area, Slant, Forest Age, soil, Forest Stand; Elevation, Forest Density, we can get the conclutions: Wr 431.27- 1.35SL +0.82AGE -191.88S*_1+ 0,52S*_2+22.43F_1* -145.28 F_2* + 132.07 F_3* +0.763F_4*-0.13H +6.92D SL: Slant AGE: Forest Age S_1, S_2: Soil F_1, F_2, F_3, F_4: Forest Stand H: Elevation D: Forest Density Simply is Wr =431.27- 1.35SL+ 0.82AGE+ S+ F -0.13H+ 6.92D It is a reasonable modle, for the relative coefficient higher than 0898. Note:* If the data is empty then the variable= 0 lf has any data then the variable =1 For the convenience of computing the conservation-water quantity of the circumstance and the watershed, we draw a co-axial relation figure as figure 3.