滲透對小蝕溝形成之探討

A Study on the Rill Formation by Infiltration

游繁結(Fan-Chieh Yu) ； 尹承遠(Chen-Yuan Yin)

《中華水土保持學報》 21卷2期 (1990/11) Pp. 57-87

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.199011_21(2).0004

摘要

土壤沖蝕發生過程中，小蝕溝（Rill）形成後，為地表逕流集中之處，進而發展成為蝕溝（Gully）。為瞭解小蝕溝之形成過程及其發生機制，進行不同坡度（5°、10°、15°、20°）與不同流量（50、75、100cm^3／sec）下之滲透及沖蝕試驗，期能預測蝕溝發生之位置，以供塡方斜面蝕溝控制之參考。茲將試驗結果分述如下：（1）相同土壤其滲透率之差異主要由土壤孔隙率之不均匀所引起。（2）土壤沖蝕深度隨平均滲透率之增大而減小，且從其對應之平均滲透率分佈圖可大致預測小蝕溝形成之位置。（3）平均滲透率之差異對土壤沖蝕深度之影響大致隨坡度之增加而增大其負效應，惟於坡度較陡時，滲透並非影響小蝕溝發生之主要因子。

關鍵字

小蝕溝 ； 蝕溝 ； 滲透

並列摘要

Rill is the place of the confluence of runoff when it was formed in the process of soil erosion, and will prceed to become gully. In order to realize the process and the mechanism of rill formation. the experiments of infiltration and erosion in various slope (5°, 10°, 15°. 20°, and various discharge (50, 75, 100 cm^3/sec) were accomplished in the laboratory, therefore the location of gully can be generally predicted, which can offer the references in gully controll on fill slope. The results were obtained as follows: (1) The difference of the infiltration velocity of same soil is mainly caused by the unhomogeneity of porosity. (2) The greater the average infiltration velocity is, the smaller the soil erosion depth will be, and the location of rill can be generally predicted by its relative infiltration velocity. (3) The negative effect of the Influence of the average infiltration velocity on erosive depth becomes greater when slope gradient is increased, but infiltration is not the major cause of rill formation on steep slope.

並列關鍵字

rill ； gully ； infiltration