- 期刊
泥岩地區大規模開發對坡地沖蝕之研究
THE WIDE SLOPE LAND DEVELOPMENT PRODUCED THE EROSION IN THE MUDSTONE
摘要
泥岩是一種坋土含量非常高之土壤，乾燥時非常堅硬，遇水則易溶解，尤其受颱風、氣流、季風、梅雨等所帶來充沛雨量的影響，則將造成泥岩地區的嚴重沖蝕及水土保持上之困難，因此為做好規劃保育工作及防止大量土壤之流失，則土壤之沖蝕因子應予了解，以收事半功倍之效。本研究之目的，乃針對泥岩地區經大規模開發及水土保持處理後，利用農業非點源汚染模式(AGNPS)及地理資訊系統(GIS)，配合當地地文條件，予以適當選用模式參數，估算土壤流失量，進而和實測值比較分析，期能獲較佳之土壤沖蝕模式，以為日後工程規劃設計之參考，其結果如下：(1)泥岩地區不適合全面開挖方式，宜採取分期、分區方式進行開發。(2)本試驗區自78年9月至79年9月之實測沖蝕深度為7.34公分，79年10月至80年11月則為4.4公分，屬於高沖蝕地區。(3)在整坡完成後，植生覆蓋尚未完成前會產生較大之沖蝕量，因此需設置沉砂池，以防止泥砂威脅下游人民生命財產之安全。(4)泥岩地區在整坡後如果適時地加以土壤改良，可加速恢復植生覆蓋之速度及減少土壤流夫量。
並列摘要
The ingredients in the mudstone are clay and shale chiefly. It dissolves in water quickly and becomes very hard in dry season. However, it was affected by the climate factor significantly. For doing a good planning and conservation task, we must understand the characteristics of erosion factors. The objective of this study is to develop a method to evaluate erosions in a wide-range development mudstone area. The model of AGNPS and GIS are combined with properly modified of model parameter and geographic condition. The result is compared with investigated data, and then the parameter of erosion of mudstone is offered. The results provided as main reference to the planning and development in the region. The conclusions are below: (1) It was not convenient for whole reclamation in mudstone area. The suitable way was suggested as separated term and area. (2) The soil loss quantity of main watershed was 7.34 cm from September 1989 to September 1990; 4.4 cm from October 1990 to November 1991; All of this information showed that the good effects of vegetation to retention of soil erosion and this investigation area being belong to high erosion area. (3) It might have a large erosion happened for mudstone area when it had just finished reclamation work, but not yet finished vegetation. (4) In cases of executing the work of soil amendment just after reclamation in mudstone area, the vegetation velocity might increase and soil loss quantity might decrease.