利用退水流量曲線參數評估都會區坡地集水區水源涵養

Evaluation of Water Retention of Metropolitan Slopeland Watershed from Recession Curve Parameters

梁昇(Sheng Liang)

《中華水土保持學報》 27卷4期 (1996/12) Pp. 293-309

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.199612_27(4).0005

摘要

由於野外試驗資料不易齊全，集水區涵養功能在雨量與流量不齊全條件下，也可由集水區流出河川逕流量之退水曲線分析得之。退水曲線特性可以退水曲線參數，即基流貯積延滯因子K_b及中間貯積流延滯因子K_i表之。本研究比較台北市三個三級小面積坡地集水區之退水流量及其參數，發現土地利用對坡地集水區的水源涵養功能之影響十分顯著。內雙溪上游集水區擎天崗過去為軍營區，未來改變為遊客服務站是應注意的變化。四分溪因北二高通過影響集水區水源涵養功能。無名溪因北二高及茶園雙重影響，集水區水源涵養功能己見低落。本研究討論到久無雨時流量曲線所得K_b值，易受到洗滌與居民用水的影響而失真。但同時計算緊隨雨後K_i與K_b值的方法對都會區坡地集水區水源涵養功能的評判較為可靠。

關鍵字

都會區坡地集水區 ； 退水流量曲線參數 ； 水源涵養 ； 級序

並列摘要

Water retention function of the watershed may be evaluated quantitatively from the watershed yield, as obtained from streamflow, even under the condition of insufficient rainfall and streamflow data. Two important parameters essential for determining water retention of watershed are baseflow storage delay factor K_b and interflow storage delay factor K_i. Recession curves obtained from three third-class slopeland watersheds in Taipei city were analyzed herein. The results indicated that the influence of landuse highly significant. Chin-Ten Hill is the key factor for Ner-Swong creek upstream watershed. Furthermore, construction of Northern Second Freeway is the main factor fot both Su - Fung and Wu-Ming creeks. Tea plantation is another additional factor leading to the deterioration in water retention of Wu-Ming Chee watershed. The K_b value obtained form dry period is, however, not reliable. Hence, both K_b and K_i should be evaluated simultaneously for obtaining proper judgement on the water retention of metropolitan slopeland watershed.

並列關鍵字

Metropolitan Slopeland Watershed ； Recession Curve Parameters ； Water Retention ； Order