水稻機械化作業集團經營效益之探討

Analysis of the Profit/Efficiency of Paddy Rice Cultivation with Group Farming by Machinery

謝桑煙(S. Y. Hseih) ； 張棋松(C. S. Chang)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 30期 (1994/06) Pp. 12-27

https://doi.org/10.29558/XLZY.199406.0002

摘要

本研究於1992年（民國81年）第一期作假雲林縣元長鄉潭內段已重劃之土地組織集團經營班二班，採用機械作業，同一水稻台稉二號品種，田區行長同為100公尺，經營面積分0.25公頃（A）（對照）及10公頃（B）兩處理，以機械使用成本分析方法計算其效益，機械使用成本包括固定成本（折舊、利息）及變動成本（修護、油料、勞力），機械作業成本為機械使用成本×機械作業效率，生產成本為機械作業成本＋材料成本（種苗、肥料等），所得平均結果如下：在機械作業效率方面，每公頃全部作業項目所需作業時間分別為A=317及B=251小時，B可較A提高作業效率21%。在機械作業成本方面，每公頃成本分別為A=39,509元，B=24,312元及民間代耕收費48,739元，B可較A節省機械作業成本38%，可較民間代耕收費節省成本50%。在每公頃生產成本方面，每公頃生產成本分別為A=59,012元，B=41,967元及民間代耕收費68,945元，B可較A及民間代耕收費分別降低成本29及39%。在每公斤生產成本方面，每公斤生產成本分別為A=7.41元，B=5.15元及民間代耕收費8.66元，B分別可較A及民間代耕收費降低成本30及41%。在每公頃純收益方面，每公頃純收益分別為A=67,556元，B=87,391元及民間代耕收費57,623元，B分別較A及民間代耕增加收益29及52%。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 機械化作業 ； 集團經營

並列摘要

In the first crop season of 1992, rice cultivar Taikeng 2 was used in Yuenchang, Yuinlin Prefecture, to evaluate the profit/efficiency of rice cultivation with group farming by machineries. Two groups (replications) with two farm sizes (treatments), i.e. 0.25ha (treatment A) and 10ha (treatment B) were used in the experiment. Utilization cost of the machineries consisted of fixed costs such as depreciation and interest of investment, and operating costs such as repairs, fuel, lubricant consumption, and labors. Working cost = utilization costs × working efficiency. Production cost = working cost + costs of the materials for production such as seedling, fertilizer, etc. Results indicated that the working efficiency for treatments A and B were 317 h/ha and 251 h/ha, respectively, or treatment B increased 21% of working efficiency. For working cost, treatments A and B were NT$39,509 dollars/ha and NT$24,312 dollars/ha, respectively, or treatment B reduced 38% of working cost. However, the regular charge was NT$48,739 dollars/ha by the contract farming center under conventional farming system or under indivudual farm basis instead of farming group. For production cost, treatments A, B, and the conventional method were NT$59,012 dollars/ha, NT$41,967 dollars/ha, and NT$68,945 dollars/ha, respectively, or treatment B was 29% and 39%, respectively, lower than treatment A and the conventional method. On the weight basis, the production cost per kilogram for treatments A, B, and the conventional method were NT$7.41 dollars, NT$5.15 dollars, and NT$8.66 dollars, respectively. Treatment B was 30% and 41%, respectively, lower than treatment A and the conventional method. For net profit, treatments A, B, and the conventional method were NT$67,556 dollars, NT$87,391 dollars, and NT$57,623 dollars, respectively. Treatment B was 29% and 52%, respectively, more than treatment A and the conventional method.

並列關鍵字

paddy rice ； mechanized farming ； group farming