番木瓜組織培養兩性株嫁接苗繁殖、生長特性及效益評估

The Growth Characteristics and Efficiency Evaluation of Carica Papaya L. in Tissue Culture Hermaphroditic Grafting Plants

張明聰(M. T. Chang) ； 呂俊堅(C. J. Lu)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 37期 (2000/12) Pp. 40-55

https://doi.org/10.29558/XLZY.200012.0003

摘要

番木瓜實生苗中因無法得到100％的兩性株或由其中加以檢定區分，造成栽培兩性株之困擾。本研究以番木瓜台農2號品種之優良兩性株頂芽，經組織培養為欉生苗後，切取其頂梢，分別嫁接於台農2號及台農5號實生苗為砧木上，可成功獲得全兩性株之嫁接苗，其成活率會因最新發明的保濕措施而達80％以上。台農2號／2號嫁接苗及台農2號／5號嫁接苗分別在定植後5個月及5個半月內比實生苗生長高大，但著花高度卻平均矮26公分，著花時期提早1個半月，之後之株高生長均比實生苗矮化。在著果及果實發育期，台農2號／2號及台農2號／5號嫁接苗植株之生長表現節間短、葉柄長、葉面積大、第1段著果高度較矮及著果較集中，著果量分別比實生苗植株高10％及45％，且可方便於採收。初期生長之田間管理及探收果實工資可節省17～32％。不同砧木品種可影響接穗的生長、發育、產量及品質，但不影響植株花性表現。以台農5號及台農2號為砧木分別可提高產量43％及3％；降低生產成本8％及4％；增加收益92％及14％；台農5號為砧木時，甜度平均降低0.8°Brix。

關鍵字

番木瓜 ； 組織培養 ； 兩性株 ； 嫁接 ； 生長特性 ； 產量 ； 生產成本 ； 效益評估

並列摘要

In order to propagate the hermaphroditic seedlings for the production of rmaphroditic fruits of Carica papaya cv. Tainung 2 in Taiwan, a system of grafting techniques were studied since Junuary, 1996 until December, 1999. The hermaphroditic scions were entirely propagated from tissue cultural shoot and grafted on the rootstock of true seedlings in Tainung 2 and Tainung 5 respectively with cleft method. Meanwhile, a total of 80% of survival rate were resulted from a simply new developing equipement of using transparent PE cup as a natural keeper of air moisture while covering the whole grafting.Comparing with Tainung 2 true seedlings, the Tainung 2 graftings, wether it were grafted on Tainung 2 or Tainung 5 rootstocks, were growing vigorously with earlier flower initiation and lower the height in a period of 5 ~ 5.5 months after transplanting and then became dwafish growth. The plant growth of graftings at the fruiting stage appeared special characteristics of shorter internode, longer petiole, more leaf area, lower fruiting height and heavy fruiting density than that in true seedlings. The lower fruiting had a convenience with ease harvesting operation.The plant growth, development, fruit yield and quality of grafting plants were effected by different stock varieties. The use of rootstock of Tainung 5 and Tainung 2 increased fruit yield by 43% and 3%; decreased cost of production by 8% and 4%; increased net profit by 92% and 14% respectively, while the total souble solid of Tainung 5 rootstock grafting fruit showed a slightly decrease by 0.8°Brix.

並列關鍵字

Papaya ； Tissue culture ； Hermaphrodite ； Grafting ； Growth characteristics ； Yield ； Production cost ； Efficiency evaluation