國產大豆競爭力提升策略之探討

The Study of Strategies to Improve Competition Advantage for Domestic Soybean in Taiwan

吳昭慧(C. H. Wu) ； 王仕賢(S. S. Wang) ； 黃涵靈(H. L. Huang)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 63期 (2014/06) Pp. 31-39

摘要

臺灣每年需要大豆量約200多萬公噸，主要從美國及巴西進口，自給率不到0.01%，基於糧食安全，2012年農糧署訂定「獎勵契作大豆（黑豆）作業規範」，獎勵契作種植大豆。國產大豆雖具有新鮮、品質佳及非基改品種特性，但生產成本高，價格缺乏競爭力。除了政策配合之外，國產大豆競爭力提升之策略，應從增加農民種植意願及促進消費者購買兩方向著手。利用品種改良與選育，以提高單位面積產量，配合省工栽培、合理化施肥、大規模集團化生產、機械化採收調製等降低生產成本，增加農民收益，進而增加種植面積。從生產健康種原、輔導農民安全用藥以及生產履歷之紀錄，以提升國產大豆品質，並建立國產大豆銷售平臺與開發多元化產品，增加消費者購買意願。

關鍵字

國產 ； 大豆 ； 競爭力

並列摘要

The demand for soybeans in Taiwan is more than 2,000,000 tons a year, the majority of which are imported from America and Brazil. The self-sufficiency ratio of soybeans in Taiwan is less than 0.01%. In light of food safety, the Agriculture and Food Agency drew up regulations in 2012 in order to encourage farmers to cultivate soybeans under contract farming. The domestically grown soybeans are fresher, of higher quality and non-GMO, but they require higher costs than imported soybeans. As a result, domestic soybeans do not have the competitive advantage in terms of the price. In addition to the support by the government's policy, we should follow up by seeking improvement in two aspects: farmers' willingness for soybean cultivation and consumer purchases of soybeans. In order to increase the yields of soybeans, we have to improve the soybean varieties. In the meantime, we can cultivate with labor-saving cultivation methods and employ reasonable uses of fertilizer, mechanized harvesting, and mass production. This is in order to decrease the costs and increase the benefits and to further contribute to the increase of cultivation area of soybeans. Furthermore, we can produce healthy soybean seeds, use pesticides safely and keep track of the agriculture traceability system to improve the quality of domestic soybeans. We can also establish market platforms for domestic soybeans and develop diverse products to increase consumer purchases.

並列關鍵字

Domestic Production ； Soybean ； Competitive Advantage