雲嘉南地區水稻及硬質玉米大專業農經營規模及效益之研究

The farm scale and profits of rice and field corn big tenants in Tainan district

石郁琴(Shih, Y. C.)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 69期 (2017/06) Pp. 69-95

摘要

本研究主要在探討參加「小地主大專業農計畫」種植水稻及硬質玉米大專業農，在擴大經營面積後與一般農民在生產成本與收益上的差異。調查結果顯示，雲嘉南地區水稻大專業農平均栽種面積15.6公頃，每公頃每期作生產成本102,140元，比一般水稻農94,296元，增加7,844元（8.3％），但總收益則增加17,791元（18％）。在本次調查中，水稻栽培面積在15公頃以內者，並未隨著面積增加而有生產成本降低，收益提高的趨勢。在硬質玉米方面，大專業農平均種植面積25公頃，每公頃生產成本比一般硬質玉米農減少約9,524元/公頃（24％），總收益減少3,996元（5％），但隨著硬質玉米栽種面積增加到40公頃以上時，則收益會隨著面積增加而增加。比較雲嘉南地區水稻與硬質玉米大專業農每公頃生產成本，則水稻大專業農比硬質玉米大專業農，在生產成本上增加61,664元/期/公頃（152％），總收益則提高27,802元（32％）。在栽培模式方面，採水稻雙期作的大專業農年收益229,122元/公頃最高；第1期作種植水稻第2期作種植硬質玉米的大專業農年收益201,923元/公頃次之；第1期作種植綠肥領取休耕費用，第2期作種植硬質玉米的大專業農年收益135,255元/公頃最低。若要鼓勵大專業農由水稻轉種硬質玉米，必須要能提高硬質玉米的單位產量及附加價值，亦或是增加第1期作土地的利用率以提高收益，才能提升大專業農轉作意願。現有技術：參與「小地主大專業農計畫」的大專業農有52％以上種植水稻，為因應臺灣未來加入自由貿易協定，勢必要調整臺灣農業產業結構，減少水稻種植面積，鼓勵農民轉種其他進口替代性作物或具有外銷潛力的作物。創新內容：分析水稻及硬質玉米的生產成本及收益，作為其他大專業農選擇栽種作物別之參考，期以提升轉種水稻以外作物之意願。對產業影響：吸引大專業農轉種水稻以外的作物，鼓勵青年農民參加「小地主大專業農」計畫，活化休耕農地進而擴大經營面積，達到農業產業及人力結構調整，促進臺灣農業轉型。

關鍵字

小地主大專業農 ； 經營規模 ； 成本收益

並列摘要

This study is attempted to explore the production cost and profit difference for the farmers in the ＂Small Land-Owner and Big Tenants＂ projects with various farm scales of rice and field corn. Results indicated that the average farm size of rice for the big tenants farmers in Yuin-Chia-Nan is 15.6 hectares. The production cost, if compared to the conventional small rice farmers, increased NT$7,844 dollars/ha (8.3%), and total income also increased NT$17,791 dollars/ha (18%). In rice, production cost was not decreased and profit was not increased with the increase of farm size. For field corn, the average farm size is 25 hectares. The production cost per hectare decreases NT$3,996 dollars/ha (5%), the net profit was NT$5,528 dollars. Net profit increased with the increase of the farm size up to 40 ha. The production cost of rice/ha was NT$61,664 dollars (15%) higher than that of the field corn, and the total income of rice was also NT$27,802 dollars (32%) higher than that of the corn. In terms of cropping system, the highest Net profit was found with two rice crops in a year on the same land, is NT$229,122 dollars/ha/year, followed by first crop rice and second crop field corn with a net profit of NT$201,923 dollars/ha/year, and the lowest was the first crop fallowed with green manure and the second crop field corn with net profit of NT$135,255 dollars/ha/year. If we want the big tenants farmers to increase the plantation of field corn in the first or second crop, measures must be taken either to increase the yield or the additional values of the by-production or the utilization efficiency of the land to increase farmers net profit. Otherwise, the goal can not be achieved. What is already known on this subject? There are over 52% farmers in the ＂Small Land-Owner and Big Tenants＂ projects planting rice, it needs to be done by adjusting agricultural construction of Taiwan for being the one of free-trade agreements with other countries. To achieve the goal, it has to reduced the rice size, and in instead of encouraging farmers to plant other crops, which have good exporting potential or are mostly imported. What are the new findings? Analysis production cost and profits of rice and field corn can serve as reference for the big tenants to enhance their willing to plant other crops instead of rice. What is the expected impact on this field? To attract the big tenants to plant other crops except rice and encourage young farmers to participate ＂Small Land-Owner and Big Tenants＂ projects, and to rehabilitate of fallow land through expanding farm scale, thus adjust agricultural construction and labor resource of Taiwan Agriculture.

並列關鍵字

Small Land-Owners and Big Tenants ； Farm Scale ； Cost and Profits