設施有機葉菜生產成本結構個案分析

Case studies on the production cost structure for the culture of organic leafy vegetables in the house

石郁琴(Shih, Y. C.)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 70期 (2017/12) Pp. 89-103

摘要

本研究主要選取務農年資達20年以上之專業農民進行有機農場個案研究，針對設施有機葉菜生產者之栽培模式分析其生產成本結構及營業收入，以作為未來有機葉菜栽種者或有意轉型從事有機農業農民之參考。研究結果顯示接受調查的4家有機農場，每分地每年生產成本約460,000～560,000元之間，最高為557,950元/年，最低為460,650元/年，其中直接成本約210,000～238,000元，間接成本約220,000～340,000元。銷售額最多達1,500,000元/年，最低僅792,000元/年，每分地年淨收益331,350～942,050元之間，較多個案農場採穴盤苗移植方式，且此方式之收益優於採種子直播方式栽培。現有技術：有機葉菜栽培以種子直播方式，會增加種子使用量且苗株在田間生育期長，罹病風險增加，日後疏苗工作也會增加勞力成本支出。創新內容：以穴盤苗移植方式栽培有機葉菜，可縮短植株田間生育期，並提高作物複種次數及土地利用率，有助提升產量及農民收益。對產業影響：提供有機蔬菜生產者依自身條件及需求，選擇最適生產方式，提高栽種意願，擴大經營面積。

關鍵字

有機農場 ； 設施栽培 ； 有機葉菜 ； 穴盤苗 ； 成本分析

並列摘要

Farmers with farming experiences for more than 20 years were selected as organic study cases to investigate their cultivation methods in house and analyze the production costs of organic leafy vegetables based on the cultivation modes. It is aimed for the reference of both current and intend-to- be organic production farmers. The results obtained from four organic farms studies indicated that the production cost was between NT$460,000 and NT$560,000 per 0. 1 ha annually with the lowest being NT$460,650, and the highest being NT$557,950. Of the total production cost, the direct cost was between NT$ 210,000 - 238,000, the indirect cost ranged between NT$ 220,000 and NT$340,000. The highest annual gross sale was NT$ 1,500,000 and the lowest was NT$792,000. This gave net profit in the range of NT$331,350 and NT$942,050 per 0. 1ha annually. The use of plug transplants is more prevalent than direct seeding for crop establishment and the farmers adopting transplant practice earned a higher return. What is already known on this subject? The organic leafy vegetable is produced from direct seeding which needs more seeds and longer time of growth period. They also faced more chances of pests and need labors for thinning. What are the new findings? To use the plug seedlings to plant organic leafy vegetable will not only shorten the plant growth period but also increase the multiple cropping index, and yield and profits of farmers. What is the expected impact on this field? It provides the options for the organic vegetable producers who can choose the best practice in accordance with their own conditions, and thus increase their profit and interest of expanding their production scale.

並列關鍵字

Organic farms ； Protected culture ； Organic leafy vegetable ； Plug seedlings ； Cost analysis