荔枝椿象藥劑防治研究

Study on the control of litchi stink bugs (Tessaratoma papillosa) by pesticides

陳盈丞(Chen, Y. C.) ； 黃慈閔(T. M. Huang) ； 張淳淳(C. C. Chang)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 74期 (2019/12) Pp. 72-82

摘要

荔枝椿象（Tessaratoma papillosa Drury）為近年來臺灣嚴重入侵害蟲之一，主要危害無患子科作物，包括荔枝、龍眼、臺灣欒樹與無患子。本研究測試殺蟲劑抑制荔枝椿象卵孵化及對荔枝椿象成、若蟲致死效果。結果顯示35種測試藥劑對荔枝椿象卵之抑制孵化率不佳，最高為10%氟尼胺水分散性粒劑，抑制率達23.21%。但有7種藥劑造成孵化出荔枝椿象若蟲致死率超過90%，分別為48.34%丁基加保扶水基乳劑、50%撲滅松乳劑、75%第滅達胺混合水分散性粒劑、5%賽滅寧乳劑、2.8%第滅寧乳劑、13.5%納得亞滅寧乳劑及10%芬普寧乳劑。噴藥塔測試結果顯示2.8%第滅寧乳劑、8.34%丁基加保扶水基乳劑及2.8%賽洛寧乳劑等藥劑處理後1天，可造成荔枝椿象若蟲96.66%死亡率。藥劑噴施植體後對荔枝椿象防治效果，試驗結果則是2.8%第滅寧乳劑及2.8%賽洛寧乳劑等藥劑處理後14天，可造成荔枝椿象成蟲93.10%以上之死亡率；50%撲滅松乳劑及48.34%丁基加保扶水基乳劑的藥效次之，死亡率均為65.51%。以2.8%第滅寧乳劑於荔枝椿象若蟲大量發生期間進行田間防治試驗，若蟲經過2次噴藥處理後，可達100%的防治率，對成蟲可達95.50%防治率。依據研究結果，若蟲對藥劑的敏感性較高，除蟲菊酯類藥劑致死率最高。因此建議在荔枝椿象若蟲大量發生期，選擇藥劑防治，可提高防治成效。現有技術：國內荔枝椿象藥劑相關試驗研究相當少，且公告之登記用藥，皆為延伸用藥。創新內容：篩選出有效防治荔枝椿象藥劑，並評估出荔枝椿象若蟲大量發生期為關鍵防治時期。對產業影響：有效降低荔枝椿象發生密度，精準用藥，減少龍眼及荔枝受害，降低農藥殘留風險。

關鍵字

荔枝椿象 ； 藥劑篩選 ； 化學防治

並列摘要

Recently the litchi stink bug (Tessaratoma papillosa Drury) is one of the most serious invasive pests in Taiwan. The bugs mainly fed on the family Sapindaceae crops, such as litchi, longan, flamegold and Chinese Soap Berry. The objective of this study is to screen pesticides for inhibiting egg hatching and controlling adults and nymphs of the litchi stink bug. The results showed that the 35 pesticides had no obvious effects on the inhibition of egg hatching. Only Flonicamid 10% SG showed higher efficacy than the others at the time of treatments, and the inhibition rate was 23.21%. Carbosulfan 48.34% EW , Fenitrothion 50% EC , Cypermethrin 5% EC, Deltamethrin + Imidacloprid 75% SG, Deltamethrin 2.8% EC, Methomyl + Alpha - Cypermethrin 13.5% EC, and Fenpropathrin 10% EC caused 90% mortality of hatching litchi stink bug nymphs. The results of spraying test showed that Carbosulfan 48.34% EW, Cyhalothrin 2.8% EC and Deltamethrin 2.8% EC caused 96.66% motality of litchi stink bug nymphs on the 1st day after spraying. Pot-test showed that Deltamethrin 2.8% EC and Cyhalothrin 2.8% EC had better results against the adults on the 14th day after spraying. Because it caused more than 93.10% of mortality. In addition, the mortality from the spraying of Fenitrothion 50% EC and Carbosulfan 48.34% EW were 65.51%. In field experiments, the results indicated that Deltamethrin 2.8% EC was an effective pesticide for the control of litchi stink bug nymphs. After twice treatments of pesticide, Deltamethrin 2.8% EC had a high efficacy for adults and nypms, caused 100% and 95.55% moryality, respectively. According to this study, the results might imply that the nymphs have higher susceptibility to insecticides than adults. At the same time, Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids is the most effective pesticides for the control of litchi stink bug. As a results, it suggested that using chemical control at the time of litchi stink bug nymphs occurrence is effective and can improve the control effectiveness. What is already known on this subject? Pesticide studies for the control of litchi stink bugs is limited in Taiwan, and the registered pesticides for the control are all the extended use. What are the new findings? We screend out effective pesticides for the control of litchi stink bugs, and suggested the proper time to control when it is prevalent. What is the expected impact on this field? Through precise use of pesticides, farmers not only can effectively reduces the use of pesticides to control litchi stink bugs on longan and litchi, but also reduce the risk of pesticide residue problems.

並列關鍵字

Tessaratoma papillosa Drury ； Screening pesticides ； Chemical control