機械採收模式下不同栽培密度對胡麻臺南1號生育之影響

The effects of row and plant spacing on sesame variety Tainan No. 1 for mechanical harvesting

黃涵靈(Huang, H. L.) ； 鍾瑞永(J. Y. Chung)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 77期 (2021/06) Pp. 30-38

摘要

胡麻（Sesamum indicum L.）為國內主要的油料作物之一，臺灣主要栽培品種為臺南1號，因胡麻採收過程耗費人工，如配合乘坐式割捆機採收，可以機械取代割綑人力，但該機械適合採收畦寬為120公分，不同於目前國內慣行栽培畦寬，故為配合該機械採收模式，本研究主要了解改變栽培畦寬是否會影響胡麻生長及產量，並評估在120公分畦寬下適當的行株距，以提高機械採收效率及效益，並探討不同的栽培密度對胡麻臺南1號生長之影響。本試驗比較畦寬100公分及120公分處理下之胡麻臺南1號生長差異，結果顯示兩處理間之單位面積產量沒有顯著差異；另外在畦寬120公分下，比較每畦3行、株距10公分，及每畦2行、株距5、10、15公分等四個處理，調查胡麻臺南1號生長及產量性狀表現，試驗結果顯示，隨著株距增加，栽培密度降低時，胡麻臺南1號植株之株高、莖桿寬度、分支數、結莢對數、單株蒴果數及單株產量有隨著增加之趨勢，始莢高度則降低，而單位面積產量則沒有顯著影響。經綜合評估，配合乘坐式割捆機採收胡麻臺南1號，推薦栽培行株距為120公分畦寬，株距為10公分，每畦兩行。現有技術：目前國內胡麻採收以人工為主，而栽培密度通常為畦寬100公分，株距10～15公分。創新內容：針對國內引進並改良之乘坐式割捆機所適合之120公分畦寬進行栽培行株距之建議，以建立適合該機械之栽培模式，提升採收效率。對產業影響：提供適當栽培密度以供機械採收模式建立過程之參考，使節省胡麻採收部分人力，並改善胡麻產業現況問題。

關鍵字

胡麻 ； 臺南1號 ； 栽培密度 ； 畦寬 ； 株距

並列摘要

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the important oil crops in Taiwan. The main sesame cultivar Tainan No. 1 is usually harvested manually. There is a sesame reaper machine binder can cut and bind the sesame into a bundle mechanically, but the ideal furrow width is 120cm which is wider than the accustomed furrow width by the farmers in Taiwan. Therefore, in order to cooperate with the mechanical harvesting mode, this study mainly understood whether changing the furrow width affect the growth and yield of sesame, and evaluated the appropriate row spacing under the furrow width of 120 cm to improve the efficiency and benefits of mechanical harvesting, and discuss the impact of planting density on the growth of sesame variety Tainan No.1. We compared the growth difference of sesame variety Tainan No. 1 under the treatments of 100 cm border width and 120 cm furrow width, and the results showed that there was no significant difference in yield per unit area between the two treatments. In addition, we also investigate the agronomic characters under the furrow width of 120 cm with four different plant spacing treatments: 5 cm, 10 cm (3 rows per furrow), 10 cm (2 rows per furrow), and 15 cm. The results showed that when the plant spacing increased and the cultivation density decreased, the plant height, stem width, number of branches, number of capsule nodes, number of capsules per plant, and seed yield per plant of sesame variety Tainan No. 1 were tended to increase. And the initial capsule height was decreased, while there was no significant effect on the yield. Depending on the study result, it is recommended the optimal planting density with 10 cm plant spacing and 2 rows per furrow under the 120 cm furrow width for mechanical harvesting by the sesame reaper binder. What is already known on this subject? We usually harvest sesame by manual, and the plant density is usually 100 cm furrow width with 10 cm plant spacing. What are the new findings? The experiment result recommended the optimal planting density under the 120 cm furrow width for mechanical harvesting by the sesame reaper binder to establish a cultivation mode suitable for the machine and improve the harvesting efficiency. What is the expected impact on this field? The experiment results can provide appropriate planting density for establishing the mechanical harvesting model, so as to save the labor for the sesame harvesting and improve the development of sesame industry.

並列關鍵字

Sesame ； Tainan No. 1 ； planting density ； furrow width ； plant spacing