溫室內根腐線蟲非化學農藥防治策略初步探討

Preliminary studies on the non-chemical control strategies of root-lesion nematodes in the greenhouse

林國詞(Lin, G. C.)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 79期 (2022/07) Pp. 35-56

摘要

根腐線蟲為臺灣重要之植物寄生性線蟲，近年慢慢成為主流之危害線蟲。溫室內種植瓜類等易受到根腐線蟲危害，室內使用非化學農藥資材防治線蟲成為農友首要選項。然現今非化學農藥防治方法多為防治根瘤線蟲之試驗結果，應用於防治根腐線蟲尚有調整空間。本試驗利用盆栽，進行防治根腐線蟲初步試驗，結果顯示淹水達一年、種植萬壽菊、休耕等防治成效均不佳。固體資材蓖麻粕與苦茶粕添加增到5公克／2公斤土；澆灌液體資材茶皂素溶液2,000倍與肉桂油乳劑3,000倍，有明顯減低土壤線蟲密度效果。進一步利用固體與液體資材組合進行聯合防治試驗之防治效果均大於單一資材之使用，其中蓖麻粕／皂素：5公克／3,000倍組合防治效果最佳，未來可作為防治根腐線蟲之參考。現有技術：現今非化學農藥防治技術多沿用防治根瘤線蟲之方法。創新內容：針對根腐線蟲調整現行防治根瘤線蟲之非化學農藥資材施用量與固體及液體資材組合，以增加防治效果。對產業影響：提升防治根腐線蟲之效果，減少農友使用化學農藥。

關鍵字

根瘤線蟲 ； 根腐線蟲 ； 蓖麻粕 ； 皂素

並列摘要

Root-lesion nematodes is an important plant parasitic nematodes in Taiwan. It has become the major nematode in recent years. Crops such as melons in the greenhouses are susceptible to root-lesion nematodes. The non-chemical or non-pesticide control measures has become the first choice for farmers. However, most of the current non-chemical control methods are the results from root-knot nematode experiments. There is still rooms for adjustment of these technologies to be applied to the control of root-lesion nematodes. In this experiment, potted plants were used to test the control efficacy of root-lesion nematodes. The results showed that the control effects of flooding for one year, planting marigolds, and fallow crops were all poor. Increase the amount of solid material Castor meal and Tea seed meal to 5 grams per 2 kg of soil; irrigate 2,000 dilution of liquid saponin solution and 3,000 dilution of Cinnamon oil emulsion, all have the effect of significantly reducing the density of soil nematodes. The combined control effect of the combination of solid and liquid materials was greater than that of a single material, and the combination of castor meal/saponin: 5 g/3,000 times had the best control efficacy. It can be used as a reference for the control of root-lesion nematodes in the future. What is already known on this subject? Nowadays, most of the non-pesticide control measures for root-lesion nematodes from root-knot nematodes. What are the new findings? Adjusting the application dosage of non-pesticide materials for controlling root-lesion nematodes and the combination of solid and liquid materials to increase the control efficacy. What is the expected impact on this field? Increase the efficacy of root-lesion nematode control and reduce the use of highly toxic chemical pesticides by farmers.

並列關鍵字

Root-lesion nematode ； Root-knot nematode ； Castor meal ； Saponin