蒸氣處理對改善洋桔梗土壤連作障礙之效果

Efficacy of steaming sterilization of soil to improve the continuous cropping problem of Eustoma

張元聰(Chang, Y. T.) ； 楊清富(C. F. Yang)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 80期 (2022/12) Pp. 78-85

摘要

於洋桔梗連作障礙的溫室，以自走式土壤蒸氣消毒機之蒸氣釘管插入地面10 cm之深度，以蒸汽鍋爐出口溫度105℃，壓力4 kg/m^2導入高溫蒸氣處理土壤10分鐘或5分鐘後，再種植洋桔梗海之波與夏康白品種，和沒有蒸氣處理的區域相比，種植的兩個洋桔梗品種在蒸氣處理區之生長勢均優於未處理區。比較5分鐘或10分鐘蒸氣處理之差別，夏康白品種在株高、第一花高、節數以10分鐘處理者較佳，其餘性狀以5分鐘處理較好。海之波品種僅株高以10分鐘處理者較佳，其餘性狀均以5分鐘處理較好，由處理組和對照組各項性狀的比值來看，10分鐘處理組均大於5分鐘處理組，顯示蒸氣處理連作土壤10分鐘的改善效果較佳，但5分鐘處理後之切花栽培已達市場可接受之品質。現有技術：洋桔梗發生土壤連作障礙現象，現有方式以日光加熱法可有效克服連作障礙問題，但只能在夏季進行且處理時間長。創新內容：國外的土壤蒸氣處理設備不適用於臺灣的栽培條件，本試驗開發自走式土壤蒸氣消毒機配合蒸氣釘管及遮罩，可處理深層土壤。對產業影響：自走式土壤蒸氣消毒機可全年使用，對連作障礙處理成效良好，可進行週年排程栽培穩定供應市場，提高溫室週轉率。

關鍵字

洋桔梗 ； 連作障礙 ； 自毒作用 ； 土壤蒸氣處理

並列摘要

Comparative growth was measured in Eustoma grandiflorum cultivars Chaconne White and Umi Honoka grown in continuous cropping soil treated or untreated steaming sterilization. A Tainan DARES self-developed machine (Patent # M621923) equipped with steam nails was inserted 10- cm depth into the soil and steaming (4 kg/m^2) sterilized for 5 or 10 minutes, respectively. Results showed that soil steaming sterilization increased plant growth in terms of plant height, stem diameter, flower number, and fresh and dry weights for both cultivars. Plant growth did not differ between the soil steamed for 5 or 10 minutes, while cut flower quality was marketing acceptable in those grown in continuous cropping soil after steaming sterilization for 5 minutes. What is already known on this subject? Soil sickness happened in monocultured Eustoma. A simple solar heating was effective in overcoming soil sickness but it was only practical in summer and it must be treated for a long time. What are the new findings? The soil steaming method from abroad is not suitable for the cropping system in Taiwan. Self-propelled Soil Steaming machine equipped with steam nail tubes and metal cover can reach to the deeper soil. What is the expected impact on this field? Self-propelled Soil Steaming can work all year round at anytime and reduce the problem in continuous cropping of Eustoma. It is possible to carry out annual schedule cultivation to supply cut flower for the market, and have higher greenhouse turnover rate.

並列關鍵字

Eustoma ； Soil sickness ； Autotoxicity ； Soil steaming