依產業環境與企業資源特性構建合作策略－以國內模具產業為例

The Development of Cooperative Strategy Based on Industry Environment and Enterprise Resource Characteristics-A Study of Mold Industry

楊明璧(Mirng-Bih Yang) ； 邱吳晃(Wu-Hwan Chiu)

《管理學報》 21卷6期 (2004/12) Pp. 693-714

https://doi.org/10.6504/JOM.2004.21.06.01

摘要

在國際間競爭愈來愈激烈下，廠商除了維持自身競爭力外，廠間的合作，在許多時刻亦能發揮其企業傳承存亡的關鍵效果；因此如何選擇適當合作夥伴並建立使用策略也是企業必須思攷的議題。本研究嘗試綜合兩種策略邏輯：『資源基礎論』與『資源依賴論』，一方面由外部探討産業環境對組織合作構面之影響，另一方面由內部分析個別企業所擁有『資源』差異性，探討企業策略核心資源與合作策略選擇間的關系，並嚐試建立合作策略構面的理論架構，以提供企業在進行合作策略規劃時之遵循程序。最後並以模具産業爲研究對象，來說明本研究所提理論架構之實用性。

關鍵字

資源基礎論 ； 資源依賴論 ； 合作策略 ； 模具産業

並列摘要

Facing great challenges of price reduction, cost soaring and intense competition from China and Korea, enterprises of Taiwan c traditional industries are searching ways to maintain their competitive positions for surviving. Besides relocating factories to Mainland China and Southeast countries, companies consider to leverage their unique specialty and resources by collaborating with their supply chain partners and even their competitors. Thus, choosing suitable collaborative partners and constructing executable collaborative strategies become very important issues.
There are two main streams of strategy literature discussing enterprise competitiveness: resource-based theory and resource-dependency theory. The former theory claims that an enterprise can maintain its market position by enhancing its own core resources; while the latter one claims that an enterprise should ally with others in its industry so as to defend the domestic market from alien competitors. However, it is no longer enough for an enterprise to solely enhancing its own unique resources or solely allying with others to defend its market position. An enterprise should consider selecting appropriate collaborative partners together with the right collaborative strategies so as to both enhancing its internal resources and enforcing its defense.
This study consolidates both resource-dependency theory and resource-based theory in developing a model for generating the collaborative strategies. The resource-dependency theory is applied to analyze the possible impacts of the industry situation on the collaborative strategies, which provides a general guidance for the enterprise to create an initial collaborative strategy. The resource-based theory is then applied to identify the gaps between needed capabilities and available capabilities of an enterprise for distinguishing between different partners and collaborative strategies in which it ca.2 be used to reduce the gaps. To analyze the possible impacts of the industry environment on the collaborative strategies, wt adopted the framework suggested by Chen (1993). For identifying the resource gaps, we adopted the classification scheme of strategic resources suggested by Wu (1998).
This study selected the mold industry in Taiwan to demonstrate the application of the proposed research model. The reasons of selecting the mold industry as an illustration are as follows: (1) mold industry is the foundation of most industrial products; (2) Taiwan is the second largest country in mold export; and (3) most of the companies in the mold industry are small or middle-sized enterprises, which are lacking resources for R&D and market exploration. This study interviewed and analyzed four companies in Taiwan mold industry which had experiences in collaborating with foreign companies. The proposed research framework can be utilized as a tool to explain the reason for the four companies with different backgrounds and resources on the choice of various collaborative strategies.

並列關鍵字

Resource-dependency theory ； Resource-based theory ； Collaborative strategies ； Mold industry

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