Plants phytolith analysis is an important research method for the study of archaeology. Rice phytolith analysis has been applied in the related issues on the research of Taiwan's prehistoric agriculture in the recent years. In the article, the subjects examined include certain Taiwan's living Plants -rice, bamboo, silver grass , reed, and the potteries unearthed from the archaeological sites in northern Taiwan Tapenkeng culture, Yuanshan culture, Chihshanyen culture and Shihsanhang culture. Our goal is to establish a database of various kinds of Taiwanese plants with fan-shaped phytolith, and also to examine the fan-shaped phytolith within potteries unearthed from the prehistoric cultures of northern Taiwan, in order to study further on prehistoric agriculture.