從兒童繪畫初探博物館劇場的學習成效：以臺博館「太陽之子故事劇場」為例

近年來，戲劇詮釋是博物館教育領域的新趨勢，博物館將展覽內容轉化詮釋為戲劇形式，藉以溝通、傳達訊息。「太陽之子故事劇場」是臺博館針對家庭親子觀眾，以戲劇詮釋的方式，透過偶戲和兒童觀眾進行溝通的戲劇活動，表演內容係有關排灣族的神話故事及其內涵。本研究以兒童繪畫作為評量工具，研究者於戲劇表演後邀請觀賞幼童以繪畫形式表達認知印記，藉由對繪圖檔案的分析，試圖瞭解幼童從戲劇表演中獲得的認知概念，瞭解戲劇詮釋的學習成效是否達到預期的教育目標。研究者將受試繪圖檔案內容和實際表演內容做對照，依據繪圖檔案圖像元素出現的次數、複雜性和元素間的結構性進行分析，受試幼童的認知概念由淺而深可分為三個層次︰（一）表達戲劇故事主題：大部分（93%）受試作品出現太陽圖像，顯示受試者均理解表演主題和「太陽」有關；然而其中，55%受試作品僅簡單地表達故事主題－太陽；（二）表達戲劇故事場景：40%受試作品表達個別故事場景，顯示學習者理解單元內容的主要概念；（三）表現具體故事情節：5%受試作品表達較深層、抽象的意涵，可以據以解讀故事的時間感和結構性，顯示學習者對較故事脈絡的理解和認知。研究結果證實戲劇對博物館兒童觀眾的確是很效的傳播媒介，特別是偶戲表演，讓兒童可以透過多元感官的刺激，學習與展覽內容相關的知識概念。

關鍵字

博物館教育；學習成效評量；戲劇詮釋；兒童繪畫

並列摘要

Over the recent years, dramatic interpretation is a leading trend in the field of museum education. The museum uses it as a medium to teach and deliver knowledge. For instance, the exhibition from National Taiwan Museum: ＂Sons of the Sun＂ focuses on the younger audiences and shares the tales on gods of the Paiwan tribe through the skit puppet show. To understand if the program has achieved the goals, children's drawings painted after the show are collected as the data to evaluate the learning effect from the performance. Drawings tell how much information they have obtained from the show, and further demonstrate how well the messages and knowledge are delivered to the audiences. In a Comparison with the image of drawings and the story content of the show, the researchers analyzed the meaning of the image according to its frequency and complexity of representative elements. The results show that most of the children understand the performance is related with the sun. 93% of them painted the image of the sun. 55% of the drawing has shown no more than the sun (i. e., the theme). 40% of the drawing has demonstrated the understanding of the idea of the story（ (i. e., the scene). 5% of the drawing has shown the more abstract and deeper meaning behind the story (i. e., the profound plot). From the lessons learned from the evaluation, it proves that younger audiences can have a better understanding of the exhibition via a wellplaned show, especially the puppet show. Dramatic interpretation is an effective way in delivering knowledge to the younger audiences and richening their learning experience.