夾竹桃科及蘿摩科12種木質藤本莖部異常構造

The Anomalous Structure of Stems of Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae Lianas

楊勝任(Sheng-Zehn Yang) ； 陳建帆(Chien-Fan Chen) ； 賴冠伶(Kuan-Ling Lai)

《國立臺灣博物館學刊》 66卷3期 (2013/09) Pp. 57-86

https://doi.org/10.6532/JNTM.2013.66(3).03

摘要

藤本植物因植物需光而使葉、花生長於森林冠層致使物種不易鑑定。夾竹桃科與蘿摩科是臺灣低海拔次生林及闊葉林之優勢科別，缺乏形成層變異的資料。本研究目的探討夾竹桃科及蘿摩科12種木質藤本莖形成層的變異，繪製並拍攝橫切面構造圖、製作檢索表，供野外採集調查及鑑定上之參考。12種木質藤本在橫切面上歸類出3種木質部形態，如圓形狀有山橙；分裂狀有臺灣鷗蔓及武靴藤，武靴藤會逐漸變為4深裂狀；具放射狀比例最多，有小錦蘭、大錦蘭、酸藤、隱鱗藤、華他卡藤、臺灣牛彌菜及絨毛芙蓉蘭、絡石、細梗絡石等9種，其中絡石、細梗絡石在老莖則形成分裂狀；兩科共同特徵為具有同心圓內生韌皮部。內生韌皮部是鑑定此2科植物的診斷特徵。具外木部纖維有5種，分別是夾竹桃科的山橙、細梗絡石、絡石及蘿摩科的華他卡藤和武靴藤。

關鍵字

夾竹桃科 ； 蘿摩科 ； 形成層變異 ； 外木部纖維 ； 內生韌皮部

並列摘要

Due to the leaves and flowers of climbers are usually related to a more favorable canopy position in terms of light, it influences us to identify the climbers correctly. Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae are two of the dominant families in the broad leaved forest of Taiwan in low altitude and there was a paucity of the cambium variation for these two families. The aims of this study are to identify the cambium variation of twelve liana stems, line-drawings and photo the cross-section of stem structures, make indented key in order to aid the field survey. The results showed that three xylem types were included in these two families. Among them, circular type was Melodinus angustifolius, Gymnema sylvestre and Tylophora taiwanensis belong to lobed cambium type, and G. sylvestre gradually be changed into 4 deeply lobes; nine species were rays type and the highest proportion, including Anodendron affine, Anodendron benthamiana, Cryptolepis sinensis, Dregea volubilis, Ecdysanthera rosea, Marsdenia formosana, and Marsdenia tinctoria, Trachelospermum gracilipes, Trachelospermum jasminoides. The older stem of Trachelospermum gracilipes and T. jasminoides will be changed into two-lobed cambium type; these two families are truly with internal phloem embedded in the secondary xylem of stem and appeal to be arranged in concentric circles. Internal phloem can be used as the diagnostic feature of twelve lianas in these two families. Five species with extraxylary fibers are Melodinus angustifolius, Trachelospermum gracilipes, T. jasminoides (Apocynaceae) and Dregea volubilis, Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae).

並列關鍵字

Apocynaceae ； Asclepiadaceae ； cambium variants ； extraxylary fibers ； internal phloem

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