臺灣南部地區低地森林木質藤本多樣性與結構的影響因子

環境因子影響木質藤本多樣性、結構及生育地關係的研究較少，本研究探討臺灣南部低地森林3種不同地形生育地之木質藤本的多樣性與結構以及其影響環境因子。於3種地形生育地內各設置20個20 × 20 m^2樣區，評估木質藤本多樣性指數、豐量度、攀爬類型的森林結構特性，以及調查土壤因子與解釋變數。調查結果共記錄木質藤本51種，科的物種多樣性以夾竹桃科為最高，次之為茜草科。坡地與溪谷生育地的木質藤本豐富度、豐量度和底面積明顯高於稜線生育地，而坡地生育地的木質藤本豐量度亦明顯高於溪谷生育地。優勢木質藤本集中於亨利氏伊立基藤、裏白瓜馥木、羊角藤、毛玉葉金花和石月。攀爬類型中以主莖纏繞的26種最多，鉤刺依附和不定根吸附各有7種次之。pH值、海拔高度、坡向、岩石地比例與地形位置等變數為影響木質藤本組成與結構的顯著因子。

關鍵字

典型對應分析；多樣性；環境因子；木質藤本；地形位置

並列摘要

Given the scarce amount of literature on the environmental factors influencing liana diversity and structure and relative habitat, this study is conducted to determine the factors that influence lianas species richness and structure at three different topographic habitats in lower montane forest, southern Taiwan. Within each habitat, lianas (dbh≧0.5 cm) are enumerated in twenty 20×20 m^2 plots. Floristic structure of lianas including species diversity index, abundance, climbing types are assessed and soil properties and explanable variables are determined within each plot. Experimental results indicated that 51 liana species are recorded and the dominant families are Apocynacese and Rubiaceae respectively in this forest area. The species richness, abundance, and basal area of liana in the valley and slope habitats are higher than those of the ridge habitat. Meanwhile, lianas in the slope habitat is significantly more than that of the valley habitat. Dominant species are concentrated on Erycibe henryi, Fissistigma glaucescens, Morinda umbellata, Mussaenda pubescens and Stauntonia obovatifoliola. On climbing mechnisms, twenty six species develop twining stem, followed by seven scrambling species with hooks and seven species with adventitious roots. The factors e.g. pH, altitude, aspect, rock, and topography are more important variables influcing the floristic structure of lianas.