臺南三寶埤遺址第五次發掘與史前墓葬初探

三寶埤遺址歷經多次發掘，近年再因南科園區建廠需求，進行第五次考古搶救發掘。本次發掘範圍位於遺址西北側，以大湖文化烏山頭期文化層為主，並於北側、西側邊緣發現蔦松文化層。出土遺留包括灰黑色陶器、磨製石器、骨器、貝器，以及動植物遺留。遺跡現象有水井、灰坑、火塘，並出土91座豎穴土坑葬及68座甕棺葬。墓葬屬於大湖文化烏山頭期，此時期豎穴土坑葬以頭向朝北俯身葬為主，埋葬對象包括未成年與成年個體，常見以灰黑色陶容器為陪葬品，偶見以玉飾、貝飾陪葬之個體；甕棺葬則以文化層中常見之灰黑色陶容器做為葬具，埋葬對象死亡年齡大多小於豎穴土坑葬之個體。另有4座豎穴土坑葬，陪葬品同時出現大湖文化與蔦松文化之特徵，可能暗示不同時期文化轉變或交流關係，其文化歸屬與定位尚待進一步釐清。

關鍵字

三寶埤遺址；大湖文化；墓葬；甕棺葬；文化變遷

並列摘要

This report presents the main results from the fifth excavations of the Sanpaopi site in 2019. The Sanpaopi site has been excavated multiple times in past decades, and the fifth salvage excavation carried out in 2019 because construction works of the Southern Taiwan Science Park, which impacted the northwest sector of the Sanpaopi site. The site comprises the Wushantou phase of the late Neolithic Dahu culture and the Metal Age Niaosong culture, which only found in the north and west edge of the site. The finds of the excavation include grey and black pottery, ground stone tools, bone and shell tools, faunal and botanical remains. And there are ash pits, wells, hearths, 91 burials and 68 jar burials. Burials associated with the Wushantou phase of Dahu culture were mainly oriented with head to the north and placed in a prone extended position. Grave goods include grey and black pottery and ornaments made of jade and shells. Jar burials for younger children were made of large grey and black pottery. Apart from them, there are four burials with grave goods associated with both Dahu and Niaosong culture, which can relate to possible cultural transition and social interaction.