雄不稔性水稻稔性恢復基因之尋求與提高天然雜交率之研究

Searching for the Fertility Restorer and to Increase the Outcrossing Rate of Hybrid Rice

卜瑞雄(Ra-Hshiung Buu) ； 黃真生(Chen-Seng Huang)

《桃園區農業改良場研究報告》 1期 (1983/09) Pp. 1-10

https://doi.org/10.29567/ZHWHGX.198309.0001

摘要

為進一步提高水稻的生產潛力，雜種品種之育成是一具有吸引力的途徑。水稻乃自交作物，如欲利用F_1雜種優勢，必須具有穩定的細胞質雄不稔系統（CMS line），維持親（Maintainer），優良的稔性恢復系統（Rf line），以及具有高天然雜交率。研究結果如下：（一）稔性恢復基因後裔檢定結果，對O. rufipogon細胞質雄不稔Reimei及對CBII細胞質雄不稔lGG、16-3的稔性恢復基因可能為多對，且易受環境因子影響，而對WA型細胞質雄不稔系Chen-shan 97已找到25個品種（系）具有其稔性恢復基因，其中有些F_1顯示有很高之產量優勢，可利用於生產雜種種子。（二）以DPX-3778 1000~3,000 ppm噴施CMS-A系統能顯著延長Chen-shan 97 A或Reimei A之一天的開穎時間，而GA_3及IAA則無此教果；殺草劑2,4-D及Saturn亦有促進CMS-A及B系統提早開穎時間之作用，此能否利用於雜種種子生產上，以助於天然雜交率之提高，猶待進一步之研究。（三）CMS-A系統與B系統種植行數不同比例對A系統種子之生產似無多大差異，故為了使雜種種子的生產愈經濟，採行A：B系統種植行數5：1者較1：1者為佳。（四）CMS-A系統若放任田間與其他水稻品種一同種植時，約有20%之花粉污染，須將CMS-A、B系統或CMS-A興Rf系統種於隔離田區內，始能保持CMS-A系統及F_1種子之純度。

並列摘要

To explore the commercial production of hybrid rice, it is necessary to search for the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line and fertility restoring (Rf) line by a series of backcrossings and selection to establish the effect of interaction between cytoplasms and the restorer genes. The further study is needed to increase the outcrossing rate in order to obtain large quantities of CMS line seeds and the F_1 hybrid seeds. The main purposes of this study were to maintain the CMS line established previously and to continuously search for Rf genes. Moreover, attempts were made to use some growth substances such as DPX-3778, Gibberellin (GA_3) and Indole acetic acid (IAA) and some herbicides such as 2,4-D, Starn F-34, Basagran and Saturn to change the flower habit of the CMS line, the maintainer, and the Rf line. The results obtained were summarried as follows. (1) In the test-crosses for fertility restorer, we obtain 25 varieties (strains) that had Rf gene to restore the sterility of CMS variety Chen-Shan 97 (WA) among 144 entries tested, including the F_4, F_5 lines of the cross related with IR 5032. (2) The application of DPX-3778 to CMS Chen-shan 97 A and Reimei A lines at a range of 1000-3000 ppm effectively extended the duration of spikelet opening in a day. Some herbicides such as 2,4-D and Saturn seemed to promote the time of spikelet opening of the CMS- A and B lines. (3) There were no significant difference in the seedset percentage of CMS-A line planted at various row ratios with B line in the field. Therefore, it is considered more economical to plant CMS-A and B line at a row ratio of 5:1 than 1:1 ratio. (4) About 20% of off-type plants were found in the progenies of open-pollinated CMS lines in the ordinary rice field without any provision of avoiding pollen contamination. Therefore, it is necessary to setup an isolation field plot for the seed multiplication of CMS-A and B lines and the F_1 hybrid seed to avoid such a serious pollen contamination.