梨之營養診斷及土壤管理

The Nutrients Diagnosis and Soil Management in Pear

廖乾華(Chen-Hua Liao)

《桃園區農業改良場研究報告》 9期 (1992/06) Pp. 21-28

https://doi.org/10.29567/ZHWHGX.199206.0003

摘要

為瞭解梨樹的實際營養狀況，每年實施葉片營養診斷是必需的。梨樹八月份未結果枝成熟葉的養分適宜濃度為：氮，2.3－2.7%；磷，0.14－0.20%；鉀，1.2－2.0%；鈣；1.4－2.1%；鎂，0.3－0.5%；硫，0.17－0.26%；鐵，60－200 ppm；錳，60－120 ppm；鋅，20－50 ppm；銅，9－20 ppm；硼，20－40 ppm。葉片營養診斷結果，若低於適宜濃度時，則應酌量增加該要素之施肥量，以免匱乏；若缺乏症狀出現時，則應立即以該要素做葉面施肥，加以補救，施肥時，要注意各要素的收支平衡，夏季乾旱時，應維持適當的土壤水分含量。草生栽培及配合深層施肥機灌注液肥，可增加土壤有機質的含量，改善底土的土壤肥力及避免植草造成的養分競爭，為良好之梨園經營方式。

並列摘要

Annual nutrient diagnosis is necessary to clarify the real nutrient status of pear tree. The literatures reviewed shows that optimum leaf nutrient concentrations of mature leaves sampled from non-fruit-terminals in August are as follows: N, 2.3-2.7%; P, 0.14-0.2%; K, 1.2-2.0%; Ca, 1.4-2.1%; Mg, 0.3-0.5%; S, 0.17-0.26%; Fe, 60-200 ppm; Mn, 60-120 ppm; Zn, 20-50 ppm; Cu, 9-20 ppm; B, 20-40 ppm. When the element concentration is lower than normal level, the rate of fertilizer application element should be increased considerably. When the deficiency symptom appeares, the nutrient must be supplied immediately by foliar spray. The balance of input-output among the elements must be taken into account during fertilizer application. Maintenance of the adequate water content of soil in arid summer is very important Grassland vegetation matched with liquid fertilizer injection into subsoil for the deep fertilizer applicator are the appropriate methods for the orchard management. The former can increase the soil organic matter and decrease erosion by running water, and the latter can improve the subsoil fertility and avoid the nutrition competition between the grass and pear trees.