北部沿海地區西瓜蔓割病及蔓枯病綜合防治法之研究

The Effect of Seedling Raising and Cultivation Methods on the Control of the Fusarium Wilt and Gummy Stem Blight of Watermelon in the Northern Coastal Areas of Taiwan

杜德一(Teh-I Tu)

《桃園區農業改良場研究報告》 11期 (1992/12) Pp. 21-31

https://doi.org/10.29567/ZHWHGX.199212.0002

摘要

西瓜蔓割病及蔓枯病是本省西瓜之重要病害，以往其防治方法多著重於藥劑之施用，但效果均不理想。近年來由於部份殺菌劑如四氯丹、蓋普丹等之殘留及毒性問題嚴重而被禁用，以致瓜類土傳性病害之防治產生缺失。本試驗乃綜合西瓜栽培方法之改進，以扁蒲苗為砧木，行西瓜幼苗嫁接，並配合士壤改良劑之施用，殺菌劑之塗抹及青蔥間作等處理，期能探討出最適於本省栽培西瓜之綜合性防治方法。根據兩年期之試驗結果顯示，以扁蒲嫁接處理之效果最佳，無論在促進西瓜之生長，產量之增加及土傳性病害之防治上，均有顯著之效果；採用SH土壤添加物與根源有機介質混合施用於土壤之處理，除對生長及產量有促進效果外，對蔓割病有明顯之防治效果；免賴得殺菌劑之塗抹，對西瓜蔓枯病之防治效果非常顯著。以各種土壤改良物與SH土壤添加物單獨施用比較試驗，其結果仍以SH土壤添加物對西瓜蔓割病及蔓枯病之防治效果最佳。育苗試驗以嫁接苗最佳，而育苗介質則以清潔介質混合0.5% SH土壤添加物較理想。

並列摘要

Fusarium wilt and gummy stem blight of watermelon had widely spreaded and caused major losses of the watermelon in the watermelon-producing area in northern Taiwan. Currently, It is difficult to obtain a integrated control measures. The experiments were made to determine the effect of integrated methods for controlling these diseases. Disease occurrence of Fusarium wilt was reduced by graftting the healthy seedling sections of watermelon on the calabash plants. Better eating quality and higher yield of fruits could be also obtained by also is method. Significant decrease of gummy stem blight infection was observed as the base stem of watermelon was treated with 50% henlate w.p. at 1/500 dilution mixed with 1/8 dilution of calcium carbonate. Reduction of the infection of Fusarium wilt was also observed with amendment of the SH-mixture and organic medium.