耕作制度對土壤理化性及作物產量之影響

Studies on the Soil Fertility and Crop Yield as Affected by Cropping Systems

林文龍(Wen-Long Lin) ； 彭武男(Wu-Nan Pong) ； 邱發祥(Fun-Shi Chiu) ； 戴堯城(You-Cheng Tai)

《桃園區農業改良場研究報告》 23期 (1995/12) Pp. 13-22

摘要

本試驗於1986－1990年在桃園縣新屋鄉雙期作稻田實施，目的為探討水田輪作旱作物後土壤理化性，肥力變化以及作物生產潛力。以水稻－水稻，玉米－水稻，水稻－落花生，高粱－高粱四種耕作制度進行，以雙期水稻為對照，經五年在同一地點試驗結果兩期作均種植水稻其土壤pH值略為上昇，水田轉種旱作物則其土壤pH值下降，而以連續種植旱作物之土壤pH值下降更為顯著種植旱作物後恢復種水稻則土壤pH值上昇。各耕作制度所測之土壤有機質及有效性氧化鉀含量均略有增加，有效性磷酐含量則隨栽培作物及施肥量之不同而有變化。在水田狀況下田間雜草以鴨舌草、瓜皮草居多，轉作旱作物後則雜草相發生變化而以雙穗雀稗、升馬唐、滿天星、牛筋草、加拿大蓬、山芥菜、山萵苣等發生於田間。在旱作田發生之多年生雜草如雙穗雀稗、滿天星常遺留水稻田造成藥劑防治上之困難。水稻與旱作物輪作可提高水稻產量。各種耕作制度之全年純收益以水稻－落花生為最高。由於旱作播種時期降雨量高及降雨日數之頻繁，以及旱作物缺乏機械之收穫等因素，農民仍採種植兩期水稻之栽培模式。

關鍵字

耕作制度 ； 土壤肥力 ； 理化性 ； 稻田轉作

並列摘要

Field experiments were conducted during the period of 1986-1990 at Taoyuan DAIS Hsinwu experimental farm to study the soil fertility and crop yield as affected by cropping systems. Four Patterns, rice-rice ,corn-rice, rice-peanut and sorghum-sorghum were included in this experiment Results revealed that soil pH value increased in rice-rice cultivation pattern, but decreased in upland crop conditions. Decrease of pH value was more pronounced under the condition of long term conversion paddy field to upland crop. The soil pH value also increased as rice was grown after the harvest of upland crops. The contents of organic matter and available K2O increased in all patterns. While the available P2O5, content in the soil varied with crops cultivated and amount of fertilizer applied Kinds and fresh weight of weeds changed greatly when paddy field was shifted to upland crop. More perennial weeds were found in the paddy field remained from upland crop field. Conversion of paddy field to cultivate upland crop followed by planting rice could increase rice grain yield.The highest net income was obtained by the rotation of rice with peanut. However, due to the abundant rainfall during the seeding stage and lack of suitable farm machines for harvesting upland crops, most of farmers, still favored to adopt double rice crop system.

並列關鍵字

Cropping system ； Soil fertility ； Physicochemical properties ； Paddy field conversion