有機質肥料對結球白菜生育之影響

以地區性農產廢棄物如榖殼、木屑、稻草、骨粉等材質及牛、豬、雞糞，依不同比例配方經高溫醱酵，配置成7種有機質肥料，探討其性質變化及施用後對土壤性質與作物生長的影響，以提供農民自製堆肥之參考。試驗結果顯示：若材質中含有約容積比十分之一雞糞、豬糞或豆粕，均可提高有機質肥料的pH值及電導度值，而骨粉材質的添加，可提高有機質中氮、磷、鈣的含量。有機質肥料長時間堆置結果，會因分解作用造成有機質含量及pH值降低，而增加電導度值及磷、鉀、鈣、鎂、鐵、錳、銅、鋅的濃度。田間栽培結球白菜，每公頃施用10 t有機質肥料及配合施用適量化學肥料，對土壤性質影響不大，僅土壤有機質含量平均約增加0.5%及土壤有效性磷含量平均約增加40 g/kg；而結球白菜之產量以施用骨粉木屑配方之F處理為最高，每小區5 m^2產量平均達8.77 kg。

關鍵字

農產廢棄物；有機質肥料；結球白菜

並列摘要

Seven kinds of organic fertilizers were made from local agricultural wastes such as rice hull, sawdust, rice straw, bone powder, the manure of cattle, hog and chicken, and so on, through high temperature fermentation would be studied the variation of their properties and conducted in the field to compare their effects on the soil properties and vegetables growth respectively. The results of our experiments would be transmitted to farmer themselves for making compost. The pH and EC values of organic fertilizer were raised by adding chicken manure, hog manure or bean refuse at a 10% volume ratio. The compost could increase the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium by adding bone powder. As organic fertilizer takes longer time to produce, its organic matter content and pH value would be decreased by decomposition. That resulted in the raise of EC value and the concentration of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc. Adding these organic fertilizers respectively by 10 tons per hectare with suitable amount of chemical fertilizer would be applied in the field for planting Chinese cabbage. These treatments affected the soil properties a little and made only the raise of 0.5% soil organic matter content and 40 g/kg available phosphorus content of soil averagely. The average yield of Chinese cabbage by F treatment, applied the organic fertilizer included bone powder and sawdust material, was 8.77 kg per 5 m^2 and was the best among the treatments.

並列關鍵字

Agricultural wastes ； Organic fertilizers ； Chinese cabbage

國際替代計量

有機質肥料對結球白菜生育之影響

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