草花種苗移植機之研製

A Transplanter for Ornamental Flower Seedlings

張金發(Chin-Fa Chang) ； 林達德(Ta-Te Lin)

《桃園區農業改良場研究彙報》 47期 (2001/12) Pp. 48-54

https://doi.org/10.29567/ZHWHGX.200112.0006

摘要

本研究已研發完成實用型草花種苗移植機一部，使草花種苗由288格之穴盤移植至含12或15個軟盆之托盤內的人工作業得以機械化。此機械可配合前段之自動介質上盆機連線作業，使草花種苗移植作業得以一貫化。本項草花種苗移植機主要分為控制系統、觸控螢幕人機介面、種苗穴盤供盤機構、穴盤定位機構、種苗夾持機構、軟缽與托盤定位輸送帶等部分組成。種苗夾持機構由十二組針狀挾持具構成，一次可以由穴盤內移出十二株種苗，並移入下方之草花軟缽中。本機是以步進馬達驅動定位機構，夾持機構則是以氣壓驅動，所有動作是以可程式邏輯控制器PLC進行順序控制。如草花種苗生育日數達35天，根系生長良好，其移植成功率為91.2－94.79%，作業效率為每小時移植2,700盆（株），比人工作業快約4倍以上，又由使用成本分析得知，每萬盆移植費用包括折舊費204元、維護費229元、利息53元、水電費34元及工資925元，合計為1,445元，與人工上盆作業每萬盆成本需2,250元比較，可節省805元，即36%。如年產量為430萬盆，即可節省346,150元。顯見草花種苗移植作業之機械化、自動化可節省工時及降低生產成本。

關鍵字

種苗 ； 移植 ； 草花 ； 自動化

並列摘要

A prototype seedling transplanter for ornamental plants was developed. The specific function of the transplanter was to transplant seedlings from 12×24 nursery tray to 3×4 or 3×5 growth pot trays automatically. The development of this seedling transplanter facilitates the automation of the manual transplanting operation. The transplanting machine comprised several mechanisms such as the control system, control panel, the nursery tray feeder, nursery tray positioning system, seedling transplanting mechanism, the conveyer belt, and positioning mechanism for 3×5 growth pot trays. Transplanting operation was achieved with the parallel transplanting mechanism. Twelve seedlings were removed from the nursery tray and transplanted to the growth pot in one run. The sequential control of the transplanter was achieved with a programmable logic controller (PLC). The successful rate for transplanting was about 91.2-94.7 % for seedling with well-grown roots and the working capacity of this machine was 2,700 pots per hour which was 4 times over that of manual operation. The cost analysis of the machinery usage revealed that total cost was NT $ 1,445 per ten thousand pots which included NT $ 204 of depreciation, NT $ 229 of maintenance, NT $ 53 of interest, NT $ 34 of electricity cost and NT $ 925 of wages, the application of the automatic transplanting machine saves NT $ 805 per ten thousand pots, that is equivalent to a saving of NT $ 346, 150 per year. The effect of reducing labor time and operation cost by using the developed automatic transplanting machine is significant.

並列關鍵字

Seedlings ； Transplanting ； Ornamental flowers ； Automation