櫻花新品種桃園1號－報春及桃園2號－紅梅之育成

Release of New Cherry Blossom Cultivar Taoyuan No. 1-Spring and Taoyuan No. 2-Red Plum

吳安娜(An-Na Wu) ； 鄭隨和(Shui-Ho Cheng)

《桃園區農業改良場研究彙報》 83期 (2018/06) Pp. 1-14

摘要

櫻花（Prunus spp.）屬溫帶觀賞落葉花木，極具景觀效益。臺灣冬季低溫不足常使景觀櫻花無法順利開花、花期錯落或開花量少。本場鑑於臺灣山櫻花（Prunus campanulata Maxim）族群中已演化出環境適應、開花習性及性狀之變異種，故從中選育適合平地栽種之低需冷量觀賞櫻花品種，以做為都市景觀栽植推廣應用。新品種經2003-2005年實生山櫻花種原蒐集，2006-2007年優良單株選拔及品系觀察，2008-2010年品系比較試驗，2011-2013年品種性狀檢定試驗，2014年取得櫻花‘桃園1號－報春’（品系代號TYPC069245）及‘桃園2號－紅梅’（品系代號TYPC069212）植物品種權。‘桃園1號－報春’樹型半直立，分枝性強，在北部平地1月下旬盛花，花形單瓣、花徑2.2-2.9 cm，花瓣紅紫色。‘桃園2號－紅梅’樹型傘型，生長勢中等，在北部平地1月中旬盛花，花形單瓣、花徑2.4-3.2 cm，花瓣紅紫色。兩個新品種在平地生長均良好快速，開花習性穩定，花期在農曆年前，花色鮮豔，容易開花且花數多，極適合於都市景觀利用。

關鍵字

櫻花 ； 臺灣山櫻花 ； 低需冷性 ； 品種 ； 育種

並列摘要

Cherry blossom (Prunus spp.) was classified into kinds of temperate deciduous ornamental woody plants. The native Taiwan cherry used as landscape trees often expresses the phenomenon of disordered flowering or less flowers caused by insufficient chilling in Taiwan's winter. The genetic variation of heterogeneous population in natural evolution was resulted the expected single plants with adaptive growing, flowering habits and superior flower characters appeared in low altitude. Selecting the superior cultivars with low chilling requirement, strong growth and good flowering habit from Prunus campanulata Maxim germplasm was the first strategy in breeding. The new cultivars were screened from seedling collection in 2003-2005, superior single plant selection and line observation in 2006-2007, line comparison trials in 2008-2010, and variety denomination and DUS tests (Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability tests) in 2011-2013. 'Taoyuan No. 1-Spring', with semi-upright plant type, single flower type, red-purple petals, and flower diameter 2.2-2.9 cm performed strong growth potential and blooms in late-January. 'Taoyuan No. 2-Red plum', with spreading plant type, single flower type, red-purple petals, and flower diameter 2.4-3.2 cm performed middle growth potential and blooms in mid-January. The two new cultivars with low chilling requirement in flowering and bright flower colors are well adaptive growing in north Taiwan plains, and are recommended as urban landscape use.

並列關鍵字

Cherry blossom ； Prunus campanulata Maxim ； Low chilling requirement ； Variety ； Breeding