香莢蘭開花習性及高溫下花粉生長之研究

香莢蘭是重要的香料作物，為瞭解國內栽培環境下影響人工授粉成功的因素，本研究評估不同香莢蘭開花時間之花粉發芽率及短暫高溫處理對花粉活性與花粉管發育之影響，花粉活性的檢測方法是藉由測試香莢蘭的花粉體外發芽的最佳條件而建立。試驗結果顯示，香莢蘭花粉體外發芽以不含蔗糖的BK培養基最佳，25－30℃為最適培養溫度，香莢蘭開花期間，花粉發芽率在午夜12時最高，但在9時以前差異不大，而中午12時以後花粉發芽率就明顯下降；高溫會影響花粉發芽率，經35℃處理1 h即造成花粉管異常，同時降低生長速度，回到25℃室溫下尚可恢復生長，但高溫處理時間越久異常越嚴重，也越難恢復；40℃處理1 h就對花粉管造成嚴重傷害，並且難以恢復。本研究結果顯示，高溫會影響花粉發芽率及抑制花粉管生長，在授粉期間應注意田間溫度管理以提高結莢的成功率。

關鍵字

花粉管；溫度；發芽率

並列摘要

Vanilla is an important spice crop. To understand the factors that affect the implementation of artificial pollination in the cultivation environment in Taiwan, this study evaluated the pollen activity of different times in a day during vanilla flower open, the effect of short-term high-temperature on pollen activity and pollen tube development. The method to measure pollen activity was developed from the in vitro pollen germination trials. The results included BK medium without sucrose is the best for in vitro pollen germination, and 25-30℃ is the optimum temperature. During vanilla flowers opened, the pollen activity was highest at midnight and had no significant reduction before 9 am, but decreased significantly after 12 pm. High temperature significantly affects pollen activity. It is harmful effects at 35°C for 1 hour, including abnormal pollen tubes and stunt growth of pollen tube, but the growth of pollen tube can be restored at 25°C. The longer the high-temperature treatment, the worse the harmful effects; treatment at 40°C for 1 hour will cause severe damage to the pollen tube and unable to recover. In this study, high temperature affects the pollen germination rate and inhibits the growth of pollen tubes. During the pollination period, attention should be paid to field temperature management to improve the success rate of pod formation.

並列關鍵字

pollen tube ； temperature ； germination percentage

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