中華民國與日本大、中、小學生的宗教意識

A Comparative Study of the Religiosity of Students in Japan and Taiwan

許心華(Sin-Hwa Sheu)

《The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences》 4卷3期 (1988/03) Pp. 155-191

https://doi.org/10.6452/KJMS.198803.0155

摘要

社會體制和文化背景會影響宗教意識，本研究乃採問卷方式比較中華民國台灣省和日本之間小學生至大學生宗教意識的特質。研究區域在日本是選擇宗教活動盛行的奈良縣和不熱衷宗教活動的愛知縣；中華民國則選擇宗教文化發展背景類同的台灣省台南市和高雄市。問卷對象是大學、高中、國中及小學等在學的兒童、青少年，合計本九百五十八名，中華民國八百四十四名。問卷分九個領域，共四十五個項目，收集資料期間為民國七十二年十月至七十三年九月共十一個月。問卷結果做中、日之比較與台南、高雄之比較，發現中、日差異很大，例如日本的民間信仰、神教較中華民國的民間信仰、道教弱，中華民國的「信仰」、「宗教行為」較日本高，而日本「咒術」、「信念」、「宗教和科學」較中華民國高。至於台南、高雄之比較，特質差異不大，惟高雄的宗教意識比台南強。

並列摘要

“Religious conviction and belief”and “religious practice”are two major elements of religiosity. In this study, these two elements of religion were divided into nine areas with a resulting questionare of 45 items. Samples of this study were taken from the regions of NALA in Japan where religious activities are very popular and Aichi in Japan were the such activities are inactive. A comparative group for this study was chosen from the Taiwan cities of Tainan and Kaohsiung (R.O.C.). The religious activities of both these two cities are similar to that of Japan. The subjects involved in the study were university students, senior high school students and junior high school and elementary school students. The total number of students studied involved 958 in Japan and 844 in Taiwan. The study period was 11 months (from October, 1983 to September, 1984).
The result of this study showed Buddhism as the major “family religion”of both countries. (about 60% of the population). In Taiwan, where “folk religion”is very popular, Taoism involves 15% of the population. In Japan, only 5% of the population are involved in “folk religion”.
87.8% of the items of the questionare of study reached a statistically significant level (p＜0.05). All the student groups of Taiwan at all grade levels had higher marks in “belief”and “religious behavior”than those of the Japanese group. In contrast, in the areas of “witchcraft”, “conviction”, “religion and science”, the Japanese students had a higher score than the Taiwan students. No apparent sex predilection was observed amongst the study groups.
According to the grade levels of students. an analysis of the data showed that the religious sense of Japanese students is gradually decreasing from elementary school to university grade levels, especially from junior high school to senior high school in which obvious differences in religiosity were observed. Amongst Taiwan students religiosity was shown to be gradually decreasing from elementary school, junior school to senior high school but from senior high school to university, there is a very obvious increasing tendency.
The more interrelated items between “religious practice”and “religious conviction and belief”, the tighter the relationship in organization of religion behaviors. These interrelated items were shown to increase with the rise in grade level among Taiwan students. In Japanese students, although the interrelation of these items were higher amongst junior high students, there was a decreasing tendency in senior high and university students.
From a standard point of classification of “religious behaviors”or “religious experience”, “witchcraft”in Taiwan and Japan was considered to be of a lower stratum of religious acts. “Religion etiquette”in Japan is also considered a lower stratum religion. In comparing the religiosity within Taiwan, the city of Kaohsiung showed a stronger religiosity than that of Tainan city. And male students were stronger in their beliefs than female ones.

並列關鍵字

religion conviction & belief ； religion practice ； religiosity