Anopheline Mosquitoes and Malaria Parasites in Taiwan

臺灣之瘧蚊與瘧原蟲

連日清(Jih-Ching Lien)

《The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences》 7卷5期 (1991/05) Pp. 207-223

https://doi.org/10.6452/KJMS.199105.0207

摘要

臺灣瘧蚊之分類研究在二十世紀前半段已非常活躍地展開。結果經鑑定之報告計有十七種瘧蚊發現於臺灣。但有二種，即寇氏瘧蚊（Anopheles kochi）及溪溝瘧蚊（An. fluviatilis），其孳生於臺灣尚有存疑。在同一時期，臺灣瘧蚊傳播瘧疾能力之研究亦在實驗室及戰間一併展開。1920年代日人穴澤氏對八種瘧蚊進行了瘧原蟲感染實驗。結果顯示，除中華瘧蚊對惡性瘧原蟲有抗性外每一種試瘧蚊對三種瘧原蟲都發生感染。另外田間所採約10,000隻瘧蚊經各調查者剖視結果顯示微小（或稱矮小）瘧蚊仍是臺灣之瘧疾主要病某。類似瘧原蟲孢子體之錐蟲短膜鞭毛體經發現感染於採自牛欄之四種常見瘧蚊之唾液腺。因此早期之調查結果可能將鞭毛體視為孢子體而處理。在瘧疾防治與根除作業前半段，在廣佈於全島之1,118間住家內日間採集瘧蚊。所獲25,656隻瘧蚊經分析微小瘧蚊約佔80％，主要採自寢室。微小瘧蚊，因有高度嗜食人血及內棲性，且經確定為主要病媒，遂實施DDT殘效噴灑於住家內壁面以達瘧疾之防治與根除效果。DDT噴灑之前瘧疾高度流行區內三日熱感染比率相當高，但經DDT噴灑之後三日熱比其他二種瘧疾迅速消失。其他有關瘧蚊之生態習性調查研究，將在演講時有詳細報告。

並列摘要

Extensive taxonomic studies of the genus anopheles were carried out in Taiwan during the first half of the 20the century. As a result, 17 species of Anopheles were identified and reported as occurring in Taiwan. However, the occurrence of two species, An. Kochi and An. fluviatilis, in Taiwan is doubtful.
Vector competence of the anophelines of Taiwan was also studied both in the laboratory and in the field during the same period of time, and experimental infections of 8 species of Anopheles were carried out by Anazawa in the 1920s. The results showed that all species tested were susceptible to three human plasmodia except for An. sinensis which was refractory to Plasmodium falciparum. The results of dissection of nearly 10,000 anopheline mosquitoes collected from the field by various workers suggested that An. minimus is the chief vector in Taiwan. Crithidial flagellates resembling malaria sporozoites were found in the salivary glands of 4 common species of Anopheles collected from cow-stables. These flagellates may have been misidentified as malaria sporozoites in the earlier investigations.
During the first part of the operations for malaria control and eradication, anopheline mosquitoes were collected by day from 1,118 houses scattered over the island. Of the 25,656 soecimens of Anopheles collected, nearly 80% were An. minimus, mostly from bedrooms. Since the highly anthropophilic and endophilic An. minimus was determined to be the chief vector of malaria in Taiwan, DDT was applied to the wall surfaces in houses for malaria control and eradication. Before spraying DDT, the rate of P. malariae infections was very high in areas where malaria is endemic. However, these infections were more quickly suppressed by DDT spraying than two other parasite species. Other details of studies on the ecology and behavior of anophelines are also presented.

並列關鍵字

anophelines ； malaria parasites ； Taiwan