- 期刊
Historical Review of Malaria Control Program in Taiwan
台灣防瘧簡史
摘要
瘧疾在台灣被根除之前，為一嚴重的地方性疾病，而一連串的防瘧奮鬥史也可追溯至本世紀之初。在1910年，一項大規模的藥物治療計劃開始展開，其主要是依據Koch氏的方法來進行投藥，針對居住於較高山區的全民施以每月一認血液檢查，並強制瘧疾陽性患者服用抗瘧藥物。此計劃持續至1944年。雖然瘧疾的傳播仍未中斷，但此計劃中受檢住民的陽性率在連續35年均維持在2％至3％之間，而因瘧疾而導致的死亡率由1910年代（1906～1909）的萬分之三十六降至1930年代的萬分之八以下。 在臺灣的防瘧史中，亦採用它的防瘧措施，諸如：個人的預防，減少感染來源及撲滅瘧蚊幼蟲等，這此方法雖然有效但受限頗多。1940年代，由於DDT及其它殺蟲劑的有效應用，使得世界的瘧疾防治工作邁向一個新的紀元。臺灣亦不例外，一項六年瘧疾根除計劃自1952年展開，利用DDT實室內殘效噴灑，再配合以積極的監視工作，終於將瘧疾完全根除。 1965年，世界衛生組織正式宣佈台灣為瘧疾根除地區，雖然台灣居民的瘧患已完全根治，但仍然持續發現一些外來的病例。過去的25年間，靠著大家奮而不懈的警惕、監視，才能使台灣繼續維持在無瘧疾的狀況；希望這些努力得以保持，而瘧疾永遠不再是台灣的一個地方性疾病。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
Malaria had been a very serious endemic disease in Taiwan before it was eradicated. There has been a long history of struggle against this disease since the beginning of this century. A large scale chemotherapy program was initiated in 1910 following Koch’s method. The inhabitants in the highly malarious area were subject to monthly blood examination and those positive for malaria parasites were complulsorily treated with antimalaria drugs. This program was continued until 1944. Malaria transmission was not interrupted, but the parasite rate among the inhabitants included in the program was maintained at 2% to 3% level for 35 consecutive year, and the number of deaths caused by malaria was brought down gradually from an average of 36 per 10,000 population before 1910(1906-1909) to less than 8 in the 1930s. Throughout the history of malaria control in Taiwan, other control measures were also applied. They were: personal protection, source reduction and antilarval operations. All these methods were proven to be effective, but with limitations. The availability of DDT and other residual insecticides in the 1940s marked a new era for malaria control in the world, as well as in Taiwan. A 6-year malaria eradication program using the DDT residual house spraying method was launched in 1952 and then followed by vigorous malaria surveillance activities which finally eliminated all the remaining foci of transmission. In 1965, Taiwan was registered by the World Health Organization on its list of countries where malaria eradication has been achieved. Although there has been no indigenous malaria in Taiwan, cases have been imported continuously from abroad. In the last 25 years, with the painstaking vigilance efforts, the malaria-free status has been maintained. It is hoped that these efforts will be continued so that malaria will never again come back to Taiwan as an endemic disease.