Computerized Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Comparison with Manual Administration

電腦化威斯康辛卡片分類：測驗與人工施測的比較

Allen Y. Tien ； Tara V. Spevack ； Douglas W. Jones ； Codfrey D. Pearlso ； Thomas E. Schlaepfer ； Milton E. Strauss

《The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences》 12卷8期 (1996/08) Pp. 479-485

https://doi.org/10.6452/KJMS.199608.0479

摘要

應用電腦執行神經心理學測驗提供了重要的優點。這些優點包含在信度上的改善和能更有效的運用資源。以Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST)而論，施測者必須給被測者立即的回應。此測驗可能會因為對測驗陳述不同，錯誤的反應記錄及回應，以及計分錯誤而導致其信度降低。此外，在定性方面，被測者對測驗悄況反應的過程，是另一項因素。執行WCST的技術阻礙了測試者在觀察過程的注意方。因此，我們已經將WCST的執行和計分自動化。雖然將WCST電腦化後將使操作更有效，但電腦是無法取代真實施測者的所有特性，且可能因此而影響到測驗的執行。這項研究是以標準手測的Heaton版的WCST作比較。在33位正常人和精神病患的被測者中，在正確和錯誤反應的數量上有明顯的差異。但在持續性反應(Perseverative Responses)和持續性錯誤(Perseverative Error)中持續性思考障礙(Set break)中卻無任何明顯的差異。電腦執行的測驗之平均值為2.0，手測的為2.4，這項差異只達邊緣差異(p=0.065)。在手動版WCST中特別因腦傷而受影響的分數，在電腦版WCST中呈現出相似的量的結果。在電腦計分中可見其較低的差異性，在執行和數據取得與記分是較具一致性的。其總結果顯示出電腦版是無法成為人類的替身，然而，他卻可成為一位可靠的伙伴，實行陳述測驗和計分的技術，讓施測者能更自由的充分輔佐被測者接受測驗和觀察執行測驗時非量的因素。

並列摘要

Computer-based testing in neuropsychology potentially offers important advantages. These include improvement in reliability and more efficient use of resources. For tests such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST) in which examiners must provide on-goin feedback to subjects, reliability may be decreased by variability and errors in test presentation, errors in reponse recording and feedback, and errors in scoring. In addi-tion, an important aspects of neuropsychological assessment is qualitative, that is, ob-servations of the processes by which the subject responds to the test situation. The mechanics of administering the WCST hinder the examiner from allocating attention for observing these processes. Accordingly, we have automated both the administration and the scoring of the WCST. Although potential benefits of computerizing the WCST seem likely, it is possible that factors which cannot at present be duplicated by a computer may effect performance. This study compared performance between the standard manual Heaton version of the WCST and the computerized version. In a group of 33 normal and psychiatric subjects, there were significant differences in the number of Errors and the number of Correct responses, but no significant differences in performance were found for Perseverative Responses, Perseverative Errors, and Set Breaks. The mean nu-mber of Categories achieved was 2.0 for the computer administered version and 2.4 for the manual version: this difference was only marginally significant (p=0.065). The com-puterized form of the WCST appears to yield similar quantitative results on scores which are most specifically affected by brain injuries in testing with the manual form. Lower variance was seen in the computer scores. This result is consistent with more reli-able administration and accuracy in data acquisition and scoring in the computer ver-sion. The results overall indicate that the computer version is not a substitute for a hu-man examiner, rather, the computer can function as a reliable partner, carrying out the mechanics of test presentation and scoring, freeing the examiner to more fully support the subject in taking the test and to observe the non-quantitative aspects of test perfor-mance.

並列關鍵字

neuropsychology ； neuropsychiatry ； Wisconsi Card Sorting Test